A ~Altl!m s':ttmt 
Gr !!I IDOOA~lOlUL · STA.~S OF ~D •10 
11. lUtSeuli :AID ·WIJ.S 
A MSIS 
IUDIX ftiD TO !D. DJPAll!Mllrf Ol 
IDW~!IOI AD !!J. GRAllUAU .COUIQI'L O't !D nRAJ IUD 
DAOllllS eQ~IG! OF l'ttM.r·O!IA II P4R!IAL raLJILLJIIIf 01 
&I liQVlRIUIT$ reB ml DiGUI OF 
aem OF eax&cll 
~ ·. :~ : . :.»r ·. . 
ariD41. ~ ri. tvsuiJCMl 
,· 

- \tft W ~:Qt:l '(tl,e QPrtll'l h•l" •lJPRticttoa it<t J)r., '~~• a, 
&e:d,., .,.,_,•~• tt lft:t~ a1t t!Mth ~YIW'it71 .Jetttnoa 011f, 
li.sann, let' iht •t•tJl• .,.l~u ~•b. hf ~·hd• at • "* 
.ll'b~~· tt ltlt.~g UiYMtf ot kr&aeA ltltW f ...... ft OeUe·ge •f 
ilap4lri4 f(W' 11ltlit' UEdJJ ... in IHUrl»c ••• 
l:dat lhJlr ·a.M. »A ·il~ttl7 ..,. writer :La ,._,..tM • Jr .• 
~~ l~t ~~ .,... • ., ,ot •• •••• nt~•'• et ~~ ••• 
!..0 ... l<t1'1tl14 ctt ...,eia, .'Wb.e &M1ate4 liS the ••l•tt• 111 ._, 
t••'bl• anj. «1n1\t1t t~ 11Miy, 
• •. ii 
.bet'lfif 8 .. 41EUI • • ,, ., • • , " '* ,., ~ ~~: ,. • ,. • " • * .., •· , 
..- .tw •• awdr • .• • "' • ~ .• .. • • t • • , ~~ , ., • • • f 
l$~d ot hOQ'M'!Jt"l • , .. • ., " • ., ., ., * • • • • -. • .. ., • 
Orca111l•• .ot ou.pt-.,., ,, • 'II ..... , " •• , ~ ...... . 
Sou:#Hf ot h • . • • 
II., IIGIO f.Qfit&!:to:tf ., ., • 
• • 
• • • • 
Ill: • ~ l~fVS • • • • ., ,. ,., • • " • • ,. • • •· " • • • • • • * 
IT .• I:ROIT! AID l!llV!LO:PllEif OF l'mG-10 ~UCAflQlf t , . ., • ., • ••• 
ll!u,-.'tdont.l. )?ft~•e • • • • , ............. " ... • 
~ol1Qu11._ at~e • • • • .. • • • • • • ._ 11: • ... • It 
l 
2 
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4 
5 
11 
19 
19 
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Ikltitt:tio-l!l&l illa~i tuid.ons • • • • • * • • • " • • • .. • • • • aa 
Ll-~-y !I • .. ,.. • .• • .. • • • "' • • • • • • • + ., *' • • • • 31 
T • SOO lAL AID JGOI'OliUO S TAWS • • • • • • • • • " • • • * • • , 8S 
liM:\.~ " • • • ., • • • • • • .- • • • • • • • • ., • • , • • • 58 
QriJit •••••••••••••••••••••·••••• 4S 
It~~~•~• It& ttta • • • • • • • 
VI • $~! AJID COIOLUSION • • • t 
• • 
• • 
IV~ CAliS IILAH\'1 !0 WI ,$Jl?AIAU SWOOL Al>JW:t:CA!IOI IT 
ll&lfJit QOO!U. lit;.ttltt WITH lSSUD IWOLVID .Al!D 
'I 
10 
V. DOOA!XOIAL PROO:JtiiS OF QGROIS II Tal WIDD Sf.A!U: " 10 
VI • CLASS!FIID IBGllO BIGB SCHOOLS IN llt180URX SIIOE 1810 • t2 
Vll ~ AI l~Cll.WI Ilf !a;IC tro&B OF Jl!GlfiO DACDU II KISSOtml 
. •· ' 
• • 14 
XXII. DGIO GIRLS AOJUt!BD !0 GmLa' IJDUJJDIAL BOD, 
!IP!0!1 !UBSOUlli .... • ., ., • • • ~ • ,. • ,. • • • • ,. 4A 
XXV • JmiO :tlllDIS OJ 'B··OtS~ IIDUSTRI!L SOllOOt, TOPEKA, 
• • • • • It • 
16$$ TO 19M • • • • • • • • • . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. 
48 
50 
61 
!AJLI 
J::fl:lt le0501UO PJtlilUII Of lW!OIS ll !D tfl:t·TBO S!A!IS riOM 
rl 
PAQlU 
. l.846 !'0 1.8:10 • * , • • , , • • • • • .. • • * • • • , • IG 
:' 
•' 
llGVII :PAOli 
!ht •jsrit;y et· ie&r.N I'Meiw ttteu- ed.utattoh 1n OM •t the 
._.. ~·· et toheelt • the sohool.a for lagr·Qet ealy, *ieh ue ap·eku 
tJ:f a• ••~a• aohools ~ and 1be a$ho&1.• tor ...:beH ot all rae•• 
whieh ue e~nl7 termed m.bed 1ohoola • Mlaliearl, eJ4 Jtasa1 han 
lD·eea etlete«· ffWI tb.i\1 11Nd7 lteoauat ihq ue • •11P•tnc ••• 
whiok :t"$p7tt:ent ll>e1i1 VP•• ot B·Ohoola.. lfanlat hat nth, the •• ,... 
$G'GOOl .. ttit abed a.ohool, le.iUfOWi W onl7 aepatatfit IOM011. 
rht p~a• tf the study 11 1 
1. !o p.-e~at the lecal ata.w• ot ~trrees in lf11souri am II.Mu b. 
resar4 w ed.utation u.d tG pr•••t the ecl•atiGul P"~le~~~ in 
the light et their hiatorioal wolution. 
1. To J!!ake a e.:&Mp&rison ot the number ot ohild.ren erarolled a.M at~­
 bi aohotl, in the two at&"tetl 1» ahw tht C$'\twlop.at ot eduectitn, 
and. the amount ot illiteracy in ea.oh •••• 
a. fo preaat the aoeial and eeonomo statu ot the lta;ro, 1hm:nc hew 
l\e bAs at his. problGS of MAl 'bh., erimt 1 relieion, &ad raei&l at 
\1'\iud.tl• 
It is int•nded that the study will pioturt the growth and. d.e• 
T$l~t ot lego tdue~aticn with thtt bo:f$ ~• 1tlt Woratien will b~a 
I 
Be Nfi.,t et a. p:HTtut t~twi¥ ·~ •••~ et tlae S.r"c 
ta ••...,1 a4 .._,, hu ••• r.-.. !tltn ve .~ l'MeHa.;i 
......... , •'Ia 4jul. l.,u&~ 1d.'bk 'Wbie, ltuoa'b1e in Milt·~ 'btl• ••••• 
.. IMpl.afl .L .•. Aepk .... ~ •«• a ~J 4\t ta• •'l'.-.l.l:!e!tt !£ 
l11£1.,ja ~~·· ·x. 1;lti$: 1:tw17 h9 P9bta n~ tae pfti!A ot lecPt 
... *ita UJ ............. .., e,f ~~ tQll Hbool 1*"1-. ~wi 
al•• ·•••· ~ tfiaee.ti.G!l :bat arteo'bft tht eeo1al,. eet'nGJdt, 1Mlll1Wi&l 
&M pe11t1oel lite et the ~ kpo •. Be ci._l a p:le1J~u··• ot the 
«iuea-timm.l •••• t>t •• leer• at the pnen.t w.. •. 
~ G••••• sai'l'ka •••-. hte •••'• •••t• lit !11:9' 
TAt.• 1t a hta~r •:t 1:4le Jlil,_tioa et 'l!tl.e lepo w 
~·~ t.a4 ..... Jt•'b1ur~ of settl.-t that eoJttMntt4 h!:a. !1\e aixik 
.-,tM tt -11 ttu~sl;e 4,M1• 'ritb 'the hlaW:17 •t •••tim ba ~-·· 
Maeh oi: hit. i~id.:ou -.a f!"eived f,._ eoq ot the ~lieat Jf&gr() 
••i;UelfrS in ltataa • · 
w. BhiJl'.an ·Sa"'l.gel pahl1ih.e4 tn tho Je..-11.! JSl! :taawa; m 
w-tiele -.titled ·~a•l ~ieion• t•r ltpe Saeel• ht Jaa,a..-1 tra 
.li!(Ui w 1a.oo.,• Tail a.tiel• 11vu •• eew..;•l lA• t1ul\t wen paateA i• 
1<11w'lR L. Shepbml.• l!l:lueattonal $ta1;qe ot ~ lifio!! :r.n.~. 
An ap1ltbllabtd maattr•s thesis, Liiau ltate !eac\1i'er• Oo •&• ct lliporta, 
Emporia, lul.i'l.l. 1984. 8lpp. 
ILt·~ ;,.,., •. sat'bh, .~ .. · .. · ~!! .... ·.!peaa. • a.publltMa 
maattl'' • thlaris, univlr•i 1.11 ~)flfitt. 1"1f!'ii!1*1 &u. 1111. 8flppw 
Jw. 8awun sa:ve.ge, •Le,al Provisiou tor Jecro lehoola in •• 
aour1 t.rom 1865 to 1890," Journal !£.. J;•i:r• Bietorz, 11 tl09·8·21. 
I 
&••I· thil ll u uteunt It the ruwra lttto\tq -· dtl.\1l~t 
ef' , ,.,._ •. el-.w, ~toiool.s .· t<)~ le&Ht:l :t and •• JPft'till ef theee 
~-·1•·· 'a.~.,. ~it\1· «ht·t 41tfwt.ew in ... l'tteet tt wlilt. 
1JdW1AGtu-l a· ... IIP11a hom. the et;t.Ot ot lfe&re hlw1t•ttra. !he 
'llf!•t ·at .• :t 4t•••••• :f·•w&tton u4 :ttw •a••• .U<t fl«·~a·att••·t!.Jae 
~·1~~ ~tid t;~u••• 
I••• !M:ttatt-. of a n..a tfft a o_,..at1Te tWJ 11t '11lt 1taws 
-~ ifepe IMitttAtifJl1 b .llsaeuri a.ntilJiW.\I,q aN* (1) :ae ,. ..... •f a 
td.llt!l• atatr•• ~~·(I) -.luion tt the 1-cr·e a al.aeat all aimtlu 
1-tudiee, ud (s) fht ,.aal'bilit\1 ot the iporanoe ot, et- iDi!itt.--.e to, 
-· lepwe Wuoat1o!U\l. 11-timn. 
Ill oeap11ins the intwMtif>n 111 th!.·s aw,- tile w!. •~ a... at 
..._,~ to ••• ta• hi1Wr1e&1 •tamt et app"uh. !hit .-... 1t b 
ail-..,t 'bJ .-eport ·With aeturaay What bu btc to~ l.n4 eiba_....ed w!.ihftt 
.aeeidillg Whether the events wtre gotd C~>l!- 'bad, high or low; a\'lp.erifu'" 
or 1nterier. 
a. •WF Ml t.~-. di'1d.4:N into tivft ti'rl.a:lons. !he t:lrsiJ, 
~'W J:J* «•l• 1ttth the 4i11'brihid.•• anct i•nue ot the lep-e ,.,u. 
,.,:t.u.- u Ja,.,, .. i ani ~•J• ·Ohapw:tt III «•d• with tho litlll ~t+atua 
. a£ tke •••· u· i1.t 1a Wl'i'ttfm. in trh• eacu~Jlla.wa •t tb.a ._ ••••• 
ta ellqw- IV •• wi wx- d.i~J'Iuaau -· ~ and d""le,._'t et ~ro 
,tci•ataoa b. 11••~•~1 ant kllaas witk :$'bretnt en enrel~t ·a»d. &~· 
·••~•• ••a.tl:aa1 JHGJ'tlus am 11 ter••r• aba.ptw v 4ola nth ihe 
•~••sal ad 4MI'fl~e~. ,, •• ,. et th•· leu" ••, aia.eu.tatons et:a hnlth, 
ta-U., ft;ltt!t:a, MO"l61· .,..,i·'lNdea, Dd lMdheat, A~~ 11t •• 1n• 
VMtila.ttfm. la ct-..a U1 ·~J''ttr VI. 
!'he ..... et· •t cta+A ~~~Q·yft. ln this ·a~q ~·• 
1, Yearlr .,ep•r'be et the State »•par•ai5 ~at :mttu:-.tien in Kansas. 
a. Yeu-ly t'tJG~'t. •t the State Dtpe.r~t ot llduoation in Misscuri. 
I • Reporw e:l the' 'tla!W Statea O·enaus ~-"' 1860 tie 1110. 
'• ltepertt of s.•t• itte1l!.1nltion•, auoh at stA"- tollece, staw 1ntti• 
· · itai'~:Loa tor orunnals. 
s. futb.ook• d.(fal.iDC 'Wi tb. pha1ea ot ••cr·t llt•• 
e. bti&lH - •• , .. ., ltte am M\\t.O&ticm b turren'i puil1A11i&u. 
I 
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ft•et, ·--~:lallllll -~ 1ft.~•~ '~ ••·• n..- .... _. 
._._, .. .._tr •1 -.. ,,..,. kttr -. ••~ '*"-. -.114"1&184 
........... ""'-'• ,...~ •. ---.. -- ..,. ... 
u •• ,. *"' ···~··· .. , ••• lhllaat ., *• "'* plu't 
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P.ll Ill . I ! tll'l. I I f I 
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LIGA.L IUfUI 
Bt•: •'1ft·"•• of '""""- ••htola fer ........ 
a.l't 91th ·'b ··- • ._,,_"&1:11 ............ , 
~ ••'*1~••, lrlr•t, tbw·t i1 t.!1tt ti\ts\lea 
••···--.rtl~ e:t·dl, f!.&•r b ••'- oonat1'*tl•aa1 
w11h ,_,~tMt w t4ttlill·11ia. 1•\lod, ._. e1-t1e 
«ft · 164$ 'Wt\!Efh ~ttf.b1 t iht e~lt&bli,hlrent •t ........ u .... r-..,_ 
illU'"'IK'IA-11• iDttf 
lt 
~· •iltu&id.a of p~m:lt•iTe lt&illtltita wh5.oh illll.-t~~~~!.~~rt• a~Dt·IIU•• eeh.•ll• 
1f tker «n flf:ttrett~ D• tRrtb &1 tt\itita la 
whiQA JMkU·'fA\f Niialfl11t~t tt flptl.M'it ltMOll ~~j,!"~'"••w~r.J 
&'l'bkWitlet an ftttd.!""fHt to -.inta.in ••~• •n,.~•a~UII 
I•P• ellt~••• ·Ill 'bllt~e·t t'ti1W ltattt t~l.hMl au1~~tM'1.tn 
iiht· 41ttG,P$_0., "W:tf io 1111/&bllth ltpu&it tthe:Oll 
-.,,. ••'•• lfJU&'M teh~ola are p:"oid.lti W • 
••••1 -•~tw u' !a f.$t#i.Jien tta'bea -· 1&11 ia al1at.1 
lU.t»~i -. aepvaw· #Jrlht•ls ll7 ••t1.,a~1 1-. 
at.t ·~- .$rtb.oola 1m ci tiel e·f tht ti:rat tlaat., 
l;.w,.. ~~" l?eteraon, •1'bt 1:~re.aet ·--... 
S1haol ..,, D•taed b7 Court Deoiaicraa," .,..J•~~ 
Jul.J, ltll,. 
a..r.-t lull .l<md, •!he btent ud fJM8t·Wf' 
in the l'J&t.- State•;" Journal ,!! .!!Q:!. E41titt.id.E, 
in the ••• •tit ..,_: U'•·m.iJifWd. ex•·•Pil the llatgk achtolt !.a. Ia•·• Clio' 
...... ..-.1 u .&.at••··· 
Ia o~ a"'"t h ·~ 1&1·1" llss•-.wt JUaN ala tba'if ao «••;•Ja4anta 
e.t ~· J*~• ot 11ih• f-.tb aeea-t1on. •ultl ejoy the ltaeftfll of' the 
~l.!Jfl, lleli!Hl qtiMmt ... · 'lait aaaii la& etfl8tJlblg f•Jt l..,on.,. 1$· , .... _, 
,..._ 1dii•. c~• ~· •·•••'lln ._, .. a 'Pt~'t 1JG Rho•11ttg a"ll ~ 
,._,1t.•t47$•·•t ls••.~ ~••• lfke·.pu'bl.!ct $4•a.id.o~ t'OI"·•P••• a .. 
,_ 1a •·-~·i" ·.le.Mu •~ .. had. a lAY tw .,..._ y~tltr'SJ iit!• l!t!W ~ -..en 
,._.,-. ill< liM IUd tiatt4 tha:b 
All •~•n.el ct1stl'i•'w .,,,ta'bli,a.t ~.- tb.~·. 
&llthfll1 11 ot tbis ut thall be tree aud. wi tkout 
•••• to .a~~· ohi.lua lltt~e ·the qe ~at tiYe 
·ud. .-..v--. ~~~ and. •• ••ota.:triu iutruction ~~11 lt•• allfte!l ;tb.etr~in: • 4 
"!Jd.ce •·•tta r.-1l'!ittl 1n r ..... duri't:lg tbe l'Ga.bl:lllg ,_.iod fJ:t ~-rial ' 
e$d .. ••••· in !ila;at .. 
.._._ p&ttfri a l-.w ttt 1$18 Whish PJtN tla• :tnha'bituts ... w~e 
qwtl.itled: to ve:w .ttt th# ~ah$el ••~• the p:r1:ri.ltt~• ot ~ua e.nr o.t. 
iJhat ·~ tblteht i~'P9:r f'(lr 'the ••par-ate "~atio;l'l rst whitt a.nil eelel'ed. 
GCbili~~" Tt.tt\ the ubt\.$rst&M!ng, hO'W1Jnr, that they aheuld J>eoE~i?fl -.llfll 
·•~tta'bit+u.1-l 44~~$•~ fi11t tiril'lt k1f \hat ... pae~Jed ia l'a4ta:JJ pwW.in 
ift( t. l.,i$ edutY&idon ar in 1811. 'ltli8 !Utw ot 156.5 ~ an .ott~ ot 
•• ItAltoa oura. 
4A., ! • .Wreea, !i8W!1£_2! Xft!!&S 1 Chioag4'1 1813,. Vol. a. P·• :ure. 
•• &a1our·1 Ccmc1d.tl.ttt.on tt tlti ••W ihat ~~- ltkMb 
ltl M ait$bli~ tw oh.ildf'ea •I .A.rt1aa te111et. 1 rue wuU ••• 
• .S.fl¥ tb&t illt 41ttieftll'Q' ia •••'iliu.lq \Qe Nt:,•tlr . ...,i~&W 
tM• o-.titutio:n P'Orided f.tr 'bhta 4:i.tflt141V la tat •·1.-.11.--t ot 
-··•·•~:1e1fkwe tkey •~rt afHidri Md -.. there...,~. a tuili'l•• 
•1t e4u•!td.oD·• .,Xa 1171 tB• . _,,be ot 'title taattwts.a -. •JJ~~nlf"l• I't 
•• p•11'!4e41a JI)Hlti.$ wft.a -that ••P*ft.• fr•• l.tboolt ~~l! •· 
~1.t•btd to·r th• eduo&tton of old.l~n ot Atl1.0ta 4•t•·•'·' 
ln lSQ th• Lemi.sla:t;ur• patte4 1. 1aw1dli•h .te it ~WJ". a 
tll4f lt~ ot .S:uoat1o;n •t 1111 e:l.ty or diatrta~ to uila'ililh a -~•1 
' . . . . . . . ' ' t~~t~ l~o cki14rm ~- •• aUilb• 'ir ~•+4• -.. ftttta. 
thl:a: a.w ~tw· a prev.·is1tn to llllM ovt.eiet ~ealltle a tu ••• et 
a~t.ti®t !ld.s law a.la.o llnp$std ~·-. •ttliptioa u:poa ~. ••••1 
ettleialt "flhioh •• ttftd•cl to haW u 1Bt1 .... • •• ~ e4U:oa'iia ill 
-ti.e .att,V., lt ••• 'that it tile ~· clt.117 •~• ahculd. M 1•• 
that ton a, on• -.ntll• it •• tite 4uty (Jf' a&!El 'I»Mrd. of •ueaidon .-t. 
41••~n'tl~ the s·choel tot a per1t4 ltet ;. esofMtl eix :mon'tib.1. !.his wrkM 
e.M t• fJtill ..orti»g a hal'iship upon Jearo t4Wtat1e. !his 1• u i't 
~ka tHpl abotat ti•• tP six ._..,. .. lepeee 8\lil ot eoh&GRl -.b. J'fWII, 
1 )ft,. A ffP., .. ·' !P ... fl tl I IIEJW i*' 1'i 
.lvr* Sh•:raan St.Y&Ce, '*D•crc lohoolt !a Jl!aaour1, llfH~··liiO•" 
.f.,~~ st lfse:o. Ht••,a· 1s.a11~ . .hll;r. 11s1 • 
• J:t!:~ •. , p. 818 t 
'll~·. p. 81$. . 
a )laa h••• fl1awot 114-b a •• r•'JUbt'll et •• 11tatl kpelatou~at, 
The law ot 1819 •• ntfta!J.4!.1tg in -. ,.,.lo,..ut et Jacro -'••~>• 
iittta Ia :llt~eift'ri. The C'h~P,Gn.l Mllm'hlf Wioh OOtl.Te;aed in 1889 p&&led & 
la.w whieh eta'hd. ~tt 
_,paratt hte 111ohoole aball. be eatablJ.ah«M\ t•, tho e4uer.;tim ot ah1l4t'e tt~t Jh''1ta:a 4.-oat 
~d :lis .. ·. •~11 Mr·•lf1fr bf l1llla1ftttl in -the publt• 
···~~~ ot thk .••• tor I.1V tol.we4 e:Mh\ .., •~ a*!-. •a:a.ol, or ·arq whiw eM14 t. ....... ~a etllftt4.tthtol.* 
!his 1Law marka u epoeh :b. .tuoation ill .lltaour-:1.. ltp• MUiOI.tion-.s 
ci.it£•x-•t 'bttere ua: .rwr l88t. B.twe b.t g.-1o4 tdat.tia could 
Mt1ly 1tt od1e4 • mbtt4 •Jtitm, beoauae thlf't •• ao law a.camat tAe 
t.tieD4Qee •t Jtpo ~ltd 11tdte, ·6114.-a :ba the bM sekOol. At- 1811 
tthW. -~ A 4tf11111e laW IC1.11il$t ..Utd IOlt.Oela. 
Duriq tht~t~ ,._ pel:'ie4 &'nCJtMr ltiU •• paaaed 'VIbleh p,er~et to 
t'M l&Dgim ot iW4 &$hotl 'Hft• B;y this l&w 1 t 1ftUf ..te ~ dutJ et' Meh 
e'~V tt oontixna• tbe a~obeel fer a period ot eix uatht 1n _.h 411· 
'trioil. !hit laY,_. not etfoeti't'tt 
As tarlt •• 181·8 !usa• paeae4 a law p4!rtainilt£ w ~eat1on in 
oiti•• ot the tittt tlasa. It us atated. as tell"'' 
!he Boar4 t't IM14•ation aall have , ..... • •• 
w orgUize and •1ntah1 eeparatt sehools tor r· 
tdl!lMtion of ~ te and oolor.S chil~em, • • • 
Although o'tbtr law1 bad p.-talned to Jfqro. lduation tbia law ad• ••P 
arate eekeo,l.t .J~aai'Y•• 
ll 
!h• ,lalrq; ~'" t~ to &i"'·' it\$ '&tlokpn:ati e1 l•po e4ueation 
ill 'the tw ••••• b tol~a le.wa are 1ibcJe• 'Wl'd.Gk •r• llft in •f'· 
'"" 1a Dluau. 
Z:•ae~.~!ii\d.!t attaRtJ A11:!£it'!i •tiW•10 
!h.$ 41.Wi•~ dke$l ••·ttQ1S,IAt4 ·~er . ..,_ 
fttniti-.. ot tbl.$. aet aha\11 ,a,t •11 •~• ,-.. eqal• 
17 IF•• _.. ••••;~,1\l• 'to all tlae cthilQq residtn'bl 
11bwahl1• ·nw ~~ ·84 .udw ~~nt ,....,, . au• 
.1Mt • -.& .,~ti.o.n• u the 41t'trio"b \lJttUI bl 
-.Ja cli•trlot DlJ JFG8tJri'&9 •· ,. , t 
. 
The .-ens •t arq dia'Wie'h beard 'Wilfully 
viel&tU& U1 •t the provisions et tlde ~tielA· er 
refU:lJlg. th• U.lstd.e», ot 1117 eh1lclft• h't)e the 
e.~ 8oACHll• •U.ll ,!Uf.oi t tf) 'the IO'Gt, the rll:\8 
ot oae :a~ doll&• tor -.oh month. ao of'ten41nc 
4~ Whi•ll Joho<!lli· ~ taqht4; •: * • 
Aad ~"~'-' tu-th•:r that 1il.t P'odliona ·•t 
tala ao'tJ shall Mt applf te c1 tiel •t th.e t:l~'" or 
•n·eai o;J.t..aa. 
!a taoh oiv govwatd. 'by th1• aot tlatl*'• ehall 
w et1&bliehel a tJtta of tree ••~ ••b.o•l•• • • 
·and ahall 'B• tJtc•• to all ohildru reaidi»g i:n ;ueh 
•1t1M 'NW.ea the age• of ti"WJ aad W.tJ-one l"~•• • ,. 
<. . . . ..18 lii~ilt hhttlt .1! C±»U . !! -···!:k•t. Olya 
~ l•ar4 ot Mueatioa ahfl.ll hav• ~ w • • • 
07&~1• e.ud maintaln. tohoole tor ille .tueat.ion of 
lQG!Urtl. S!timtfa .!( Kal'tlaa 1 1923. OM.)>ter 71, Attiol• XI, 
Sec. 1101. P• 1170, 
lll814., utiole 181 Se~tion 1602, P• llGI• 
llni«t., Artiele 11, section 1724, P• llSl .. 
~. 
'· . ~.,._.,~ tm lt·htela sall 1N ••••· ~1dlcl .t:tlt' to f4•1t1en ot 'hildll'exl et ~ 
tte.._tt· ad t·-t tha11 heretat'bft be· alawhl t• 
•t ••:l•""·ohilA to t.~ni···any··~.'H aeb•ol, •~ 
u,- Whitt child w at~ -. o•l;ore4 •·•u•l. 
~~!! Dbw:totor"•~.A.u;~oriz.G4 to !Jabliah $.oluw~i• Ji G•l:e-04 Miil§G. I 
llha then are 1d.1tlbl ~a:~ «u wiet b 1Jb.11 
t"b&ilt Iicht tW mtt't •olore4 ehiltWa ot teh••l 
as•: • •· • ...... b•ri ot 4tr•owrt ot ••a •·•h••l 
41•trtot ••11 b·t ·~DI. taq · ar• be•tlbr a.u1iwY1•14 
·t:nd teq"'1H4 to etta.'blllh a%!14 aintahl • , , a 
••;uate bte lthotl tor: said oel•re4 oailclru 
or 1~ lin 1b.tr•ot ah.all pa.J tht W&UPG·riati.on 
awl. ·iit.a tdi=1111A Ohl.rl81 tt t.U7 4.iltit·iot ia the 
o;oaty ~•b a •••olii Mint.1n~ te'l tht ul• 
,,. .. •Mldtr•• , • • hO't'i4H f"urther that 'tile 
1-tll. ot +he l'thetl twa ttJr· add cole~• •ldl• 
a.a· a»d the dvt.nt&gee W pri'Vile&M ithO·I'etf 
thall be· the ••• u v• ptovided tw •*• 10M&le 
0t o:ewrcuspo¥1-c na.'bure within IUO.h aohaol d.iswiot •• 
PHTidtd tt:trther 1 that it th•r• H :ao •O)lool 1a IU$h 
;eokeol di·tw!et ter eel•* 'the ..... aull \!Je -' 
ar• h•l"ebr a.lltthtril.t a:nd ••tui)ted to ra" l!Juil4hl&a 
aB4 p,_pwly tumi•h the au.. 
11 
rwt ltP••• tt tisawrl 1M lulaat :U.Tt nt·t aoe.,iled. 111._-t 
ooa:b•a.ttng a.,ll le;iel&tion cono.rni:ng le~o tduoatton. !alll• II 11TH 
1
 . 'rtf.- ao)lllo 1 11-' . .!!. .•t.•OIIl'i. an. Ch&pwr .., • .&rid.flt n. 
Seoidon I I. 
14
 :tb14., seotioa 9211. 
-
,, 
WLI IV 
U.SIS IIU.TIVI tO m SIPAUU 80HOOL AnJtllliOA!IOI It 1m~1 
.Q'. ltJii,..l984, 1flD lSSlJIS IWQLVID .Alm DICISIOIS I.DDIIJJ) 
m..-a: 1 tw·w·~£A'-'~• ~~ !Q p~·.,_t :1t.epep- It a 1•Sil~1dGm. 
tf JM;U,. 11 ..._,.' tton 11b.ta the~• la teltaol ~ With• 
Ia i(UOI) · . •• 1a.1l ~ ~.it tut ,_., 
a ,,,ntt ·v • .,,.Wl ta •• ,.1 ....... !. to ' , •• cr• -~· .... 
liaau. lfO (1801) al te tehtll t;tair'M ,.,. .a .. 
4 at•• J,o_,ct tt .. a.- u •a.u 1 
ldu•• v~ !innon 86 
lauaa 1 (1891) 
I ••~oJ.4.a v .• 1~4 , !ee·'b •cm•rtd.'buid.en• 
et !clue· .• t& lana.• ·alitJ tt ae,arate 
G72 (11101) aohot1s 
I Riehvdson v., loari · Seae &a •••• 1 
of Jauo ... ft ltan8tUJ 
fi9 (ltoo) 
.7 iowltt v.. Board ef Same aa CJaat 1 
Sue~ tl he, 88 
(1.907} 
s Dlurman Watt~ "'* D"' Saa •• H.H 1 
ot lduo~ Oottar• 
'rille .211 PM, 926 
(lt26) 
· hpil otaplltei 
till• "'" 
.......... 1 
h difthl · 
et aep«n\te 
. toho•ls to •t no 
lawlltll .Gcmdm't. 
R•act ta\9la thu·•• Outw.t"i!bt nriWJ 'bhe Boari ot l!dueatian the ilutue 
•• t. prtvat aegrtga.tion when imeJ~e •• no law tor it. !be 4oeilion 
••·• "If the~t 11 no. legital.ation the aohool bQa,rd ls 'llitbou'b prwttt ._., 
ut.• I.Md in like ~r tor •••• a. 
11 
fe oompe1 ~tal ad• laa.teua 1H&ti011 
· .-tqw .• · loheo1 cl-.ie'a •tuel M• 
,...w in ... k TU.iJac• 
,»atbtu ~~ 
\ 
10 lfo,oll'lflll• .,~ ~~ 
.. ····~· tilt.af . i 1.11 ht ij U$4 ' ,, I 
(II:U) 
•~•'llif· u:.~.,.. ~r.-,11 
IOQI'i 1•1 X.. Ht (1111) 
•'lll·ta'M ...... ElQ~ 
w:tgkt ua :ro .. 
··~ (UVt} . 
.~t wana,t• • 
11rld. 'tt aeheol. 
lbb ti,tt JUitcl 
1&1ie stht~(!)l to 
1"HOll eolort4. 
his up :bltt.ualiif' 
et'41ai.aaoe be• 
-- whit• ••. ~ut1erec! stht•lc u 
~t:a.t.Jdatlon. 
t~..,W»:iJ e•l•lr 
on ge\Ud Gf 411• 
..... 1·~-­
 able. 
J11tiM8 akN Ji.O 
llllNJ·tan:td.&l crottmt 
et wem.plllnt 
C¢n:tteet oaati~ lepara._ aoh(tol$ 
t1oall v et ••P- · · a _.._ vtokt~ 141h 
uate ••h"1' ~'· 
14 r.-.w "'• -Twtel ,.,. as •••• a 
111 -- .QI {11~) ,· 
At ..,. 'IQ!ulle •t: •• ••Ut'th .... ,. ..,._., a lea• ~­
 ,,, ..... t~.ae.t.,ht.A i·$· IIWbliOC• --~ _, t. p•9 tr.llla'l et 
:tl~ ,.._ •• • ._h in them. The p&lliq ot tbtl ~ iutitu• 
tl.atul Utto ·the l-sNe:s1 &wn btm4t ind:tM'btd 1U: 8M fer pei&losieal 
trabtlng. ~r<e ._... no sehGola deve'btd. ••l~iUtivelJ w h pret•uutien 
al W.1Dia; .et '-'ltutt·st th.-etwe Mit et imia traild.n.c •• &i't'a'l 'b7 
dtaaGJO.iatteal ad ,W.lutbr-eple eHittlea .. wldea .... trN\pnthl et 
tae:h~•alvuu.., 
In -. • .uli•st •·•h•o.ls a t-..tor k.., 1ldluenoe4 the ~e,.....tien 
et· 'the t_.hett "•a tiM luk •t t.oil1't4et te~ iieather trabua. ITa. 
laQW' 'thert •• 1. pea'ti llwab·«r of te6ehen 1lb$ a.r. poo:rlJ F•pa'ed1 'Gut 
tbi" nu:m'bg lJ l>eeoming eMller and nallw bMaue ot· the pruent atate 
requuem•ts, l!)•ttw eupervision* impr-ev-.w ill taelliidee tor wain 
ia& 1a th• eoll•••• Mli'Jal sehe.,lJ1 IWftM:r ••~1,11 t.Jd t4u-.:bicmal 
te~titll\t., 
t~reat a.evele~; in •duoattcn ot lfa.croM hu ••• 11M• tilt 1fof'14 
We,1 1'11~• 11 evideneod by the numb•r ot ad.va.noed. u&daio 4•&r••• _. 
aaU bf ltlfl,••• boml,i7S to ltM one l!i\IUXlre4 an"tu Iter•••, h6cl r.-
lA 
Otd.•a 'tlb• ll·t•ttt~a.te ·tt~;f••• Attlu¥ 5'1 PfW ._, It .__. ,_., HHt?M 
dlflt~ .. _ t1u •t tu r.t1••'·• ~ uutt .--.tt 411'W.....,·•• 
~~--~H8~ ~ef itt• 1M lf~Gfftl tad rwti- tbHP kele ~llllRt1.a b. 
,.._.. ~«~tlllac·••·i !h••• ._._ tHm· ~~-. 1.' 1• • .._ that ••lr' 
•••~PI' ._,,a .. ,. to'llflt·f'«'l~ •t'"·,.a t·t••U fl'a ttw plait or 
.. ,,._ ...... ~-'' ·~• '" •• t.ta -·••· t. •we&tw _..,.* 
atf ;Nt~t•t~s.a ,..._, .• v tm• •• ltt\t(flltioad ~-~ .-. 'b7-. 
...... ·•a•1H~e. 
fAILI'V 
IDWAt!ON.AL PROGUBS OF DGR<lM II fBI UJIDJ!) I!Aftl* 
Ptr.OGat11 ... 
.... 
~-~l- .• Ms»•r vat•• 
1»1 
stae.a• 1a 
pa~llo tcboelt 
teaehes ball 
acn.ela 
101 
:11 
ll 
&00 
hope~~ .r hilb.~ 
w a411..,1d.en · tto ;tOOO 
~1-~1· 
-·• ter all 
MUt;& t1on lfOQ.fQQO 
.Aaount nl·•• br lfqr•u • e;o.ooo 
lilt 
• 
.~AM:· ~ 
fab1 b K 'f.WI 
• 
fll 
led ta'b1e tbttlt In 1816, to pw o~ct ot ilhe Jragoe·• in ~he ttnitod. 
Ste:bea • .,,. li~eraive. lt!. 1980, SO pew tf.t't'b ot ~ ,_., liW&'H. fhi1 
•• a l&ia •t 10 pn otnt b M pan. IH4 in l!ke -.mler tw ottwr 
i tae la the +Abl:' , 
auu.,. "· Or·•···· ''!ht P~•••t 8:1M.tul ef .~t"O l)'OO.JI&WI" lohNl 
e.nd Seott·z• 40t188 1 S.p'bembcw IS, liM, 
•-.uo,e 1., Wo:rk, til:.· , You lo.k, U·ll•tl. 1-cro !11.1' Book hblilh• 
inc Oca., Tuakestt Ineti • , ~~ Pl'• 111•1• 
ll 
Mba$ 1up:tJ!t liatH lt~- .. ,. II, la;•a aintab.a a.,.rate 
$0~$ola :1a eitiel at._ ,1\f:f,, ti:LM,I• I.U&I 01tf1 ~~ aln._iu 
1 ~urd.or &ad eaic:r hil!lt~tl,, A.teM••• Iaa•;, ala• ••· a 
.I>Clll\OiQ~ tfl• lf$p.oa. At.t,fri1~ "' t\w .!f.- 8iaW 
1•, .. ··•· .!! h'lrl!U J~l~l;f()ll 1! 1!9¥1 ~• are ae etaer .,._ 
V• .l!l:l&h t~~th4ell. b t'ht a.tatt. Jaa~!, laaviJaS eepanw aeuelt M 
.._.,.,., W 1fh!t,•':t ..• , 11. •lat~t;lltlld l_.t Jnab. Mhoel1.' hilt 
·l,fl;ut•l• _,. 4iv!M4 btt ·~·•·• aJ.ua,H 1 ~~" ola•t1 .~ tkltj aD4 
thtri •JAtt:• ~A•• ·lett t1•••i3. ••ho•la ot ._ tt~tt olaas. 17 •t~st 
elale" l·thHl it MM;t that th.e ••h•el .U.1aint a t~ ;rev~• N'WI"ta 
~tt e..-t.H •••k 1a Jb.&l1ah# •thea~••• ML-.e,. e4 h!a-, t• • 
'-• ·61 at~J.•Jt .~ ~-- 111 1rat .1'*'•· u.d. 1\'Wrt _,1QJ at 1••' tbr•• 
J;Ptf' ..... ~-· 4 IMoU .t,UI·I al&b t1Mo1 Ml ~- 1..,. •f l:d.lh 
•••l ••!j,·tal tll• iid.fi. •tu• w • , .... 1 t~J>t. TI ..... • u 
v._• ia ~· ~ .t ol-.ttt!tcl .~ •~M•It 1a ll•e..-t ,.._ ltt,o. 
- ir;ttb JieiU'lial lle ,t 8ta1se ~~~~·~•t !! '-bUt ~­
 •. fP• II!· • 
~~ ,Ji).1'-' ,~ehoolt ~. Jumual leper~ ot LloJ(l 11. liue, 1111. 
~~lid ~~!hot~ •st !\•Sazt 1111• ObapiHtr II,, IMid.G ,....,, 
P• 9J. 
tdLITI 
OWSIF!JI) lDDIO RIGi IN U 
ltll 
·uaJ 
111o 
!lA 
1,111 
XI ll:ti,<JUII 1%101 lt 
I 
14 
13 
38 
11 
I_. illa'hl• .... t ~. liiO ilhwe w~'t I 
. ela:aaititd ••aro klgll ••~la in »11n·•ri • 
. I ... in l:Ut• ~. ttw 1#1 • 
._. _..1i a1Do• ..,. that ast ot 1M M.ch •••la 1D. •••~1 
Mi-n heett eWiitt-.t h FHc.t.t . ,.ara • 
'll th 't11t ~-•• •t ~1l.mlr!t bl 1lwt :~tcro ttboo 11 ._. P l:a• 
~~• ln ~~~of aeho0a ihttt~ ht4 ~ee a·~ pewbh bt tae 
A~tr ot t,altt1.f4 te&·ehltt irl Mis.t~t\l%"1 ani Xanae. fl» •~•r t:t 
hCJ'C' ~H4ben· 11! 1111Rl'! 11torMBM from 131 in 1t00 W 11113 in l9$S.t 
tm.• a~e i;u. ~~~n-. inq•uft fr'• sa 1a uoo -bo tel 1n 1tla.,. tt is 
. . 
to H txP••ttd 1bl.t tA• lwsest :tt'Wiber ot levo 'ieacn.te woul.4 llt·• twn4 
b ta• etate *"" !*'$·•• a.ttfu4 ·ttpar&to liQboola. ~le VII 11• 
lUi'l •••• the infJQ.Ie trom 1100 ~ 1.136 in Mittouri ud tr-oa 1100 w 
lt J.l u lt$a$'&1 t 
I.ABLI VII 
AI.IIOREASIII !HI lfUIBD or HllGlO DAOBDI 
11 cs,soa::c Am> ww &IBI 1&QQ• 
~ tew ·,_ . a . ..._· J:aaiM t.- total. ...... 
·uoo 
1101 
tno 
1911 
ttltt 
'lilt 
.l,tiQ 
ltl.t' 
.. 
• 111 
111 
lA 
Jft 
Iff 
N1 .. 
IJat ta1J11 ~-* . ~ 1&00 there ..,. Ill x..,.. 
~~- in }11•·••'\&fi, 6\nd. II b ~--~ • ltta4 b ~•·· _...r fit·, ... f1.._. . ,.. JW1fis. 
• 
ffht ttll~~ $ .• ~ti~n• :-111 .._ ... iio ·abow ether JWQPUI ... .._ 
~1 •• i ilh&t, 1lu · ·b••• ..a •.• , · 
•• r•p:o:rta •t the $iatt hperin.~w et Pll»lle Iu~ti® 
1u ••·••:r:tr111Jd '-••• tbow 'that lqro ohUdJren are~ &4,._."*1• 
G:t ~ fll•ati~ oppor·tunt t1e1 that ue Ci"f1'll ~.. !b,e. to~. 
t&ltl• 1·1"'•'* o_,..ttw Aata en eo~l MJ'•l.lJM&-t. .A wd •t ea.U..aa 
it •••••a.rr in tile. u.p.retation ot t'bia .... lt. h ....... ill. tf 
tbt ,a.-a:l Pf>~ tion in t!le 1Im s ••• 11 eb't&i:I..U 'tq e.pLttfbw •tt• 
t~W'-.t -· lnell:t 1!ke a,co liai t 1a l&uau i• r.- I 11: IO *11• la 
1 etn•·• aoo • 
. --....~l1iiooo!ol• ~~~!!• 
lll'l'ft~ lt li trem 8 'bo 10. I'b 11 not :ta•e:ntil·itea:tJ to qtl$1'b1oa iDe 
ateu:rktJ t:st the tigu;rea on aehool a. ttend.ane• and tntolbaet ci Tel 1n 
•• ~•ports or oouv aup•rint.ndentt to a11.tt boa.rd.a, 
fABLE VIII 
li&OLLI'Ilr.f II DGRO SCHOOLS 
ll MU110U!:I AJ.D WSAI SIJOI 1tl0* 
lltltWl laltau 
.,_. .._r lm'•llt4 I~ ~ Jaxtalled 
ltOO' 
•.:~··,·~ if!() 
1fl5 
lilt 
leiS 
l.JIQ 
~,, .. 
as,ooc 
12:,000 
19~000 
as.ooo 
ee,ooo 
41100Q 
II11MO 
u,e11 
1100 
1108 
111C 
1111 
litO 
HIS , .• 
,,,,,, 
10"'1" 
10,114. 
11,"0 
11,111 
11.,811 
11,111 
llttlf 
1, •• , 
••• •'!Jle 1m.u; In 1900 there nr• 151000 ltpo beJI 
atd gl~lt wmtel1td u iht ehttls ot Misa,.i# ad m 
th• aae ~ ta•t wePe 10.11M e_.1le4 in the ·ltho&lf 
•t la.Qa·•· lltM itt l.Uce -=• t•., the r.u~ tiw• 
1ftW fWiodlt 
Al~uch th• ._all:ment in both e'bttt. hal-. larc,•. ihft ~ 
•t t'hllcb'a in ••111 attemanee in tohHl baa bee ••h -.11_.,, 'lhe 
cr•w,at •t.••l•• w rtt;ular ·•·•haol at~ae app~Q' to be a-..onal 
""u.patitm.l, stteh •• ecrioultval labo1 J!'tqtd.J'M t.n the pbmti~ aDA 
~l'tdxt& Je«aons ·~ eooaai;ul ooeupa:td.eu, 'lfhith auw1eulJ att.at 
the ''Oht~ol ~se1y betattse ot inditte•_._,, to the e.tero.-t ot .-. 
pu.llwr e.ttadt.11o·•• (hm.w-.1 emt~XJ1\Ul1 ty apathy, both on. tht pa~t et itlo 
II 
,_..,,J.,authertttet ,_. thl~·lf~ pawou, .11 ala~• u ~-" tM••' 
WLIIX 
PDOltJi'AGE 01 IIGRO llOYS AID GIRLS 
.!!!10111 POLIO SOJI(lOLS* 
••••• 
11,111' fl.1 
14.118 
11.111 
:!tad. t&bl• thutl In 1910 tbero .._.. 91 5$4 er &1.6 
ptr th'\ ot tM· Jqto 'b&JI and ctrla enlltd u 
the pubUe ••:ttHla ot !Gtallt• a..4 h like ~ 
tw· •••·""1 ll!l4 . e~r re••·• 
.,,.. 'bhe· tl.blt abovt one oan nate that 1\'ke total 1oh"l at'tlen4• ) 
ataetl in tisaG~i t• much larctr ~ it is 1n Iusa.a • nt 11M pt·N,ent 
a.c• of s:tteml&ne•, Whieh is 'b&tJtd on the 't()ii.l ~ ad. b naber 
a~~~ ,11 ••h lvc•~ :tn lasaa.~ ~ pweentac• ot tohool a:b• 
tanclaaoe in llnsaa it almost .10.0 per ••t higher 'tha..ll it is in. Ea• 
agu,-:1. !his 11 p:roba.bl7 4ue to tbt lui'bf et '"ilool attalthm.lf u 
the s-.llor oitieeJ ln Mitsottri ~ 1n the aoutlutm part ot iiUl at&te 
•utaaoaal oeoupation~J ten4 to plar an impel"'tan'ti ];*rt. 
tht high J!IOAoOll in lanlat Oitr, 11110\lri, and st. Lcnd.l lu\TI ih• 
•oti.IQI'ln s. Jobl'llon, !he ~'£~ ~ ~rt.•~ ~~ Til,batl!!• 1!ea.r7 
Holt aM Oem.pany, Mn Yor·k,;~1la • p.-rd, 
•t~n:t td I+&~~. Oenaua Re;er,t~, 19tO • 
• 
Wfe8lb·-Mf •I lepo 'ok1~ .-.11act, k1a4.M •t X.."u ttttr aid 
st •. Le•t:a •·aallr •·•4 •ctu.-.t:t:tn&l ,,,.,11rtult14•• .,.. lUll Wd. Jl1al't1&h 
1••~• ... ~halt tf tit tttal. ltan ,.,ua..t1c Uwa b.t -••• tw aittea, 
tt ,.,. edii ·tf &11 ~bAtt "'' .flrth«f'l. ••••t·lea la taa a tate 1• ~el 
la ••• Dd.a . .._. ~; the li.Pcest aWlt.1Hlr •t lecro MJS and s1r1a 
a" ._,,ll-' lilA. 'tlltf -~tt:lt d lalllat fl-., ad Met ·~••· App..U.telJ 
•••Mlt ,~·.,.-...· ~·· ••~~J., :••l;a.t ·s.. ~·-· tw ... ~17•11 
II. ......... ritll:llif. ~· ~ttib.WMlf atd--.1ftlJ •ll b uall• tilid.H 
' 1 ' . 
a4 'I'UJ!u;tt·•· Abltat 1Q1000 Jep·e ehi.Ur• IU'e e.1J1Hm41nl run.l ••· 
t:._ ••-..1• ~b .. ·tat· S1i~:tt et Jliq··a•trti•· ta.we ~· a~taatelJ til lie-
 . ' , , I 
.~l'&aJ. 1\tfJ.ePta imt .aptet&l b.lti1mtiou at1•;1wlJ tw ..... , 
taer a·• •• ~-- Vo<J.atie:mal Sthotl 1n Tep.U d 'lea~ l.hdn,.si'V 
in QuilatUtt~8 .at~eoUfi Mia~• ftt s~'bl;\le iuti:\u'h.!lou •t ~ 1eara 
iae tw .. _.... !hia :tnat111dda ll t .... irA .J:ett•••• otv. there 
ie a i:eaeawr eellege Su st. Lwia wbieh ia a~a:taiad )1 tM •i tr fit 
I 
St. Lotti•• l1$li~1 &l$0 ptevi4e·l l~r" ICUQla tor legte t-.ohera and 
wea.t1.mal·t• .... •· 
iaaaaa iotatienel bhool, eioll !a wil't e11 +lie pta 1Wlu te 
t.•k•c•• Iaatf:tm•• •• .opeatd 'bJ ttte lap~•'~ •••h bl 1s.e.t. :tt .,..:t 
'A l'ji'•Uar11r1f!10£'~~ .!! !!!. ~ .!f!. h'bli• ••*,_. !!! !!•ltO'IU'f., In••, UIJ, P·• ··a. 
1lwiUUm 1;, Oonullf ~ l.U~Wrz; ot at 11-bailo f:DI\. !C!:O!l•.• .AIIIW1311 
Riato,.-:te•l &ooittr, Obtoqo, !~·IF. Ttl: 
If 
la e. _..... U.e u • ld•.t~raetta ..- :tea4iq .. , .. .,, . ,,, ,.,__. •• 
tlwe ._,.,. eUW:rta eu •· -.. •• , •• l<&•n. &vptum.a, ai 11•,, ttl• 
&-'tit*• :ta 1191 ~• t1J11t ••• .aPJJtpvhtl.aa -. , .... ,~ •. acl b 
lfOJ •• ~isla.._• •taW A Bia,w ~iealtiutt M! l~ustflt1al Depart 
_.. .. 
._, fta..l ,,._ •• ttte~ & ••llc:;t~ ••~••• \lu:tf e.t.~.e:'i•· 1fhe \Vllll 
. 
•·•~ ...... _,it ••• .-.r.oetw tke· a~•••~••r l.t-.~ur , .. .,..,. 
t:t.• · ~ ·IM. JNOti••l voe•tt•n&l W'alli*l u~~e c.1~ b1 •• 
IMUt.~·••A••·• .., • ..,1.r 4.••~•~• atts eei•&ect, tallor·!-1 U4 eaE»e ••pd.l+ 
ba•, QtktW •• ,.. ..... &i~ jfteti.Rl W~ ~.!Pet ap;t•e-1-·e, 
·~····,.U•r U¥1. Miae· J~U.ainC, ·• ••d.:•• 
.. I.Ntiw:W.a _,~ ... lar-s• "" ,, '. tMi -.4 ~ stwt•• 
6G _.t et iibe ·~ .la4 iJ&il;)~b.c 'Wld;.ea ~ ·"t.lllll"f,. to·r ta•u •• 
-..... ••t et ••· tWta'\'it wrk ttr ~~~· .,~ Ud. ,.._ atw ~ 
-.. MJ"ellllta• t.r ilh• tohetl ,.ar· 1115-lfll•• l&l•""ls,lr" 
·aud 101 1Hif'• '* fh.l.e. er·•l~t is lliAllw ~ it we.s b 19il *-
 6Mpawcl lid.& lt1a atwly ot l$11'0 edttc·atia b ~a.s. 1he euoll:menis 
at tha" •ta•· ~ lrif • 
,.._.,_ hi."Wtrti v -. tfad.ecl •• ttrrl . Ua UaiverJtV"· b1 1&10 · 
and 'beea.me WeeMnl. Uld.Tw•i v m 1174 •• a eh~h e.pp;~;rt.d and. a.dowed 
in8t1U!ti.Em• !hie aehool ept:>ate·a 1l1Jier ·lA B1ltla.1 a.r1'fl.tlltMttt, whiek 
aeouru ~it. flfl· 1 -te •uppert tr• the Ail-ito Me1ilht·«l1s" Oburoh and. peu-t 
of 1 t t~om. tae ata.te. At tne p~••at tiM appresiate1J tsa,ooo il ••n· 
tr1bu:te4 ~ tho state tor the ittduatrial d•pviaent~ and 017,000 br tbt 
AtrieMJ. lleihtd11'' ,...,h, ·a. t..-tlftt·• ~- • 111..,.•• 
O"tWlooltin& 't»· llt.etlei llftfl· ···au 11·6 fl._ t't h1tW1et1 t.aW'ftJI1 
~--·· it -· h•• .... f:jb ··~ .·~ ·~w • tiJttiM et 
"-'•~'P'~ .Ml!l,_. 'lfi'Wllit 
Beoauce l' ••-a ~t tt tht ••• • a1alllath .., rp•tal 
idtitut!&a 'f-•lf&n· tf-.tid1··-- ttail···~· ef·lfW--- Uai,_t:itf 
_, atnel"il·t« ilt'·lDt, 'Itt, ~t1a fJI t1wt . _ • .._ •• MW \lft411 
a ~ Gt ---- Wi4tk ._. ttA'M a:pttbill kt fti.M . _.. &it * ,_. 
time aultje\tt te I\IW s-. tuM .ft ·Ml'm!.t.-a~t••· U~h •• ,. ... 1 
., ... =«~ -·· .. tml,..,llt)r.~ m&ti ., - ..., ... ,..k f.l; Ill .. 
Mck ..... 1 .... ·••••• • .,.._.t., ,.,.t II •• Hihp ~ is tt jaior 
oelles• Hdt !awe wn 'til\1~-«ttght ,_... tn,z W~••~ tklvwii tr 
in June, 1111. «M1w• 11N9t.,.a flfltlllt .fta-. JaS•• to~ltep·1 10 
~,•1-...t htgh ·•~••lalt~,_., aa. 11 ,_,~ ewtt.fl.a• a .. -.. 
Al!Htut en.-nlt .,. the • .._., Ufl ~- tW•tt _. ta...U 
day ,tila4atts .• ._ ·lmt~w~u. . ..,HI lib~• 'Mttlflf.BJ' *lcdl •• NrlJ 
wll 1\da,W \Jed 1e.a·tt4 &ui Wt· ~ ..-1 el ,.•twdtr' l'ho ~ ta * 
....... ••hMl .• .._ •" tht _._. 111Plr 4t.wl.,.r~-
 14xwe1• trtJ!..,si_., t...-lr u .. ~a I••t••,"" ~ _,. 
the eoUtet"s of-. i .. Ud.W tia.tu toJ.•,_ Inll.airf• ,._ ~· 
ot tb8 *''bool u ·ttil twtl1 \J the ott1owa 'thaa•lftl ._.. 
th• laid 1nat-• tM11 M 4tflpe4 fw ilie 
lpt~o1al 1Haet1 t of. iDe trH 'ilaou. . It shall bt 
leoa.W 1n ttt• , • ._ td lta~a.Nft~. liW ~. 
ida shall 'be to ·cemltiat t~ Wiim la'beJ" * 
With th$•e 'WCW41 the te'Wl.dtrJ 1$1 torth tb• purp11e .of tho 1M~1d .. oa 
ai ,,_,1,.__. ih• tlM•.*•"· \i.t. tthMl ,.._14 leti.W, 
· .·•··-ttn• IW4Htl ,.,. t•tUM ia ~~ lltlt 
.... :... ,, ... puWt .... ··~· t•• ~. ~-. 
--~ .. -.. 
~··• ae.-.1. etkHl~ tlil:$ hlp Hhoel-.. u.wtd1't«l bJ ~~w• 
caw.I.;A•:~•~t•~•• ••: •••'••• .- •••ur a.hGtla u "*'• . 
~;til.aar'-..:u.#UlW }'J' _, a-.·t.IMillatlea ta 1tl4 u • , ....... 
•• u ... oc .••. - ~~-···~~ ' 
••. wti•tl~-. .11 •~a1'11U-.'tlr 1tMW 1a •• ''*'•• lt 11 
~-lU4·;•f ·~z• a114~•· ~~• ·•' Whick we ittld.w"l"• 
~lttlalt.,:, M4 e: fd.&lllthfol \m.ltlblit A aft 'b"!All«!rc u uw ._ 
·'••· tvrt~.aa uelu•• • ~~ ~ial ••• et . ...-~w 
l41~ ·•'•.-.1 _...,.,_.,_,h., tt •••hl ~nliS•• auh u 
~~~·· .~ A$tl.UWtJ ~ a -., ... ttttn'i·eulta tor 
et et..,.wr .. :--.1· .... ._. 'fd.~ 1ae ""' t•ll.• e.-.1 u a ~· 
1iel'f:•• . A ,,..,,.,..,.to-.1 •~·•• u 11.,... tw taoae ._ w 
'*" 1&.-l"JH t&t ftlut«' pretNtieu ,_. u ~~ t•tit_.,. law, 
ea4. nti:aU.• •ew.• tillt;~ i.t • ,. ... iW .hiP •tb.Gel ~ ,.,_ u 
a ••il'·al.•••· hl.lPJ. s.e:n.el u4 u a la.bol'aW)r eol\Ml tw .. -wa'•~•-t:lw 
...... ,.,,, 
,,.,. •r·ellaont 11 -'• •P ot 1W,Dt1 net 
t:re aur:ro.«iq atat.s ad .,,.,. 41•·*" ••••• 
~- btch·· ...... );,~ - l'tt .-.u. ftfll ..... •••l,t 
.a.•tJ•• 'fd.·tJttliwW... ••Jtt, · 6H •trrn,a-.• ~- ----~··• 
....... 
.l\.~·tw•Uv.•:• --*··•----t ............... .. 
~--~,·~--~ ..... tJt, ·•· 'ff8 tl~~ ....... ·~·ill<aMI& •IW\lll• 
..-·teet .. ~'. ~ •tnt• 'PM•w• he ... lrlca .1e..1. 
ttfw····••~• .ltllq•!• l••W i• 11. Lowla, ••~• Ilia 
.._l:lta;e ~ •. mtmtab:M liJr tatt Bc.ard et ~t;ue-.ti.ft el at •. ,.,rile 1ae· 
--~··~·lit the •• .,. •t l'itltuti.ll 
Ba!a etMctl epeK iB l$90·u & aet~tAl •*11dth ,.,..., 
~ ~umg el.-'bOy •••l -blaOM)'8 tor the el'Q' et ~~~ 
1aa4 t'U ~•• r04 ...u.lt J!ID t'tlft1tua-. ·~• ta • r,_.,. 
~ •U.C• owtiala, 
·the , ... ••1• tM.t .S.t~to...-i nppw;, •• ••1111•_. .la 
----~• t~f ~· IJiaa•t ·'hi" pJllaida, ._. .. ..,. • t.- fer ..-11• 
..... 1; as·--· ··ata·t~ pap ell up_.t~. ._k u• in iJhe ~b tw M-
 •:•16&1.11te4~ '""' .~ eth.Hl :1:4 biJ:ttttd. atk .,._ bJ • ._,...,._tt._ ill 
~- ••• ~1alft·· 
•• _. fitM-olt _., 1H&t¥t··-in 'Vhe &T~fl1:tl'!t•millt~~, 
r-.· .,_.~ ~--- w• ~-~ a•l• "'-·~ • 'tllttlat .-~~tr ••ao1 
t.~ta•~etn l'td.w~a.t~r+' th• •11~~••~' •• *' ·~ tttch wek.-1 
,_..,, lM;el. '!he Nt~a\t·a 4ejww.tt ·•t Ll.B.Rla u.t¥WtttJ 
la ~~ ._,_.,,,,. :err· -.u••• 
.,.,.-!fOre tlaWI· eaat ··--~-~ :lt"bte11 • "" •••• • .... 
·~~._., ··tif··•J1tt ... mta. .• GMJ:I:~.- 0.1~•• a.l'-t, '-tic•, 
J9plrll" ll.tf . ., Mt• I.W ~Jt• ~. t'h-.e ••Uela a.n hel4 1a •••"tin wtta 
'ttl• .. .-u:·••~t·1fiiit' stuitl 'Maeh.aftt' til·~.,.,....,,. ~Crtftl'-'•• 
bl·, ,_. ·~••·~·'·. ·ae ...,_,,,.o b.1wt ~~~ •f •• w.t~•·.,. 
. .,. ....... ,, 
· 'the Wflit:b.ias in th• 4tt1n1 ti.a et U. t.wu1 ~. • alB »'..._, 
anti aiat1.•tt•• ... liablt. hae ~~~1•• utblo &I 11•ft• ,_,. per~• 
~· •-.a ·r~:J ·•,~ ••~ 1:bo1Jt 1tiho .- reaci and 'Wrl._.. !1M .._114~ 
at~aid.on .Ate.-i&tie~ tn 1810 pa.alecl a. neolutie w •· eltMt iba11 dx 
,...., •• ••~ll~ l• a ~~ basis f,or ••~lllil 1!~.11 !be 
t.rnt '-1 ••• ·O·••••· ~~-. dttln•• u tll1t,enw ..., ,_.. • ,_,.. , ............. ·.·.·~··~ 
et as• or tver illhiiJ 11 tmabl• t. , ... or mw.11 It 11 ifhia •••181 
1lh1eh the 'Wr'i • .-hall tuut in this diaoeur••• 
l!&.b!Wt t. Rllll; 1111kiq tlut '""11• L1Wnt.1at," .....,h.....,· ~ 
ai•!:G. Jl~t4~IO~. · 
liTIAt.···•·· · .. · a-atn Jut.e&u e:t O.t~u•u•.• Rttetmitl C•n'''· 110. ~~--~-ldl4r -...-1. 1 .. 
·· •• Qaitt4 lt&'bt:l h~•' h&ll•aut4 1tll.wtJA 
ej .. 'M._ U ill~lft~W •har'tt *1- ~-- .. rtM 
f.l: ,,,., -~ t1a'tl8t• li.:t;a ~~; f'M·MI __ ._ 
•••• tftal •· ~. •·•11 tn taec w •1P1W-n:n ,.~ 
• 
la. w..-nc·bt~t 'Whltk iil41t&WI k'tl '\h.$~ Jlal ~~--~­
 peplt1J Ut ~~ I. &rat hia41HP• J•t M.._. li&- IB .-le, 
*'ltl:tt oe ·~tt;p.e, ·Jiuatt•,~ tldl\1 ao •••• ftlil-.-.. nth a •• 
& II'CMtift in··tht ·*- leqth et 1.11•,1' 
ltv the ~.-~eat &1'ri.ng a 'Du~~ te 1ft• plew• et 
1t'W*•:J 111 Jltn'our1· IDt knu.c, Ollaft l, ,..,, 18, ••• •t a~~ 
ti'••n ot It-t t4utaid.s m. •• ttnitM. I'U.tt1 •-- 1110 1ttO. 
I" at•• a ee~fttivt piA_.. ot lf'P't t<thoe·l :pepulatta. at1.-._.,. 
a4 litwao,-. 
:Lf~Jue .A44ama, *"!he lU.Ie ot lope llut;&id.on,• hbe>el. 
d'UWIIJ,.- liiJ,, 
·U~t lifO 1110 lito ltQO 
'ftpftll 
fwdM"&t ,...1 ,.,.UUta (I to· to JWW• 
... f llt4 ........ 'httfr•lt ., .-MJ. Attl_._.. 
¥1111'8w Pv.-,. :LIM w 1001~ lntluiw. 
!be ·,.t U.,wtd.oh r•pr.-ta ebeel .miJv~·lii.~.I\At~ .. 
.-.•W\1• ot ~ tordat1a (I to 10 :yean 
peptrfM.·& to tM "total ~ ptpu.l.atio~h 
liat,walth ,._ •e}~ot1 &t~ut•• urU.-.tu 
18 "'tldli tM~ntattn.;. !ht: l)l.Uk 1bw, 
1l._.tff .... ,,.-, tbrl\11 th$il Iepre 11WUJ' 
•~•u•1iltt&la~~,..,, ltsn lllite,-.1 s.a-..w1 
, ... ,. 
1UO 
ltoO 
. ' 
1810 
UIO 
1110 
1; 
WLIX 
. . lllGIO IW!D.40! 
II· 1ftS8®1.1 JJI WW,. li~Q.IJ&• 
14.181 
1J,.#It 
•.• 110 
1,.141 
t,.aas 
..... 
11 .• 3 
lt.,ft 
18 .• 8 
1Y;j.a 
····'" 4-1,111 
fi,PO 
I$1HJ 
li,ftl 
111111 
11 .• 1 
led t&\1• thutt l:a 1800 there,... li,MB llliW.w ..,... •• 
._. ll,l :PW' ()!tat tt 1b.e io1Jal ptp11la1G!on, ltft4 ill 15:1M __. tw 
lleaCN,.l ami ••• tftl-Jiat pet"i~a. 
tlt •••• b i111 WMJ till:t 11 shea bt -. •'~~'- ie ,.._.lr 
•••·• )Y. twf l~itilorJt t1:ret1 iil.e «!tau• for Mb.e411»1 lflktel\ 11 ,__. 
t-s wt4u.,.:.u ~ tbl-*••• et ••• ,.,_,,,aM ••Old~ e. '~ill• 
•~eoeliq.t !be talt1t alt•t b4itt&'M11 that 'tAW pe••taa• et ll.li....., 
t1 hl&he!* tn JUJJao'l#i ~ lt is b IIDt&l• 
lt Ql btlll ftd tbt the 11s1Jfi ib6il1Mrf8 IIA1!11dlll'M -~-.H 
a l.e.WJ' pe.,aut~~;• of llttt&t)" tb.at1 atate1 with ....,.,..,~ ··~~t,•'il\!411 
. 
*unt ttd. St.. tel OtniUGi ~$29£-bf.• 1880 to 1110 S..lua1ft• 
•••••••.• hoe1~ <ft.l..,- ··--1 "'-~· u 
ll\)1~p:INJ7• !ate ta Hptaiallf 'ti-ue in tb.o aaller 
-ere are ltl*l"ate ~~Qll 'fdb.e. tiueat1o:nal ,;t,.~ ..... J:. 
tdiit •• thea·• in the ltbtld 117fJ'baa• !hi«t ~•Mi'W!U:PY 
Mfl9llfll ap,.prriati~n ot etht·$1 tt.m4•• tlha.rlM Jo~ b 
··~ .. ;..;.J~ .... ·.:,··.· . .m.~·.~·Q·. <iJf:1t!~1:.l~.··.· ... !tiUJ li!l............ .... . ~ ......,........ .w .. ····~ lllf • ,  1 ·. ··u,s ......lit 
it· ~~-~ :f"p·onu.u ·to· •• ~t ,,_is ,_ eqt._ •• u 
Jbtral. u·~ chf'W a low. peroero.iJI.I• .t 1ittrM7• "-be 
SJ.Otel ·bMtrttlle the td.uttttioal taeilitie~: in ~al &rM8 we 
u~lJ ooa4uei'V'• to tduea.tion. ~ ot 1mt prilt&rr •Mr"'IP~t"Dtttti:m:• ftiii\Jall!'l!ii~<~~~ 
~4 the ~t-ea.e of 11twaey t:n l&teoul'1 u4 Dt.Ntu 
11Gt1t ltpMI· htl'Vt atlt4 to th.e titia ft:t 1M bnefiil ot 
Utn• !he int'l$.C• It O,it)r 1U•11itb. i'bt M'Wltat.i~ eppo~l~M 
hal M1e m4-.·td ~ hightr ·ef0lbrltm.1 it11be· pu11Ut ~118 _,. ._,rlhlt 
let ••~o·l a~dt·t, ad tb.t ettiolenor of •• at .. lth: 
Do et l_,e .fduoatiea J*fl !his it a queatien dian ua.4. 
••.,etJ.tiTt ~~ et hgo ••tlinc hcve weupt ll'aultl \lllllii'W.11i~B ,_.. 
tl•a.lly nul.lif1 the .f!IN't ot those who d.oubt b t 1 t paya •. 
tet,..1d.a cinn in Table X •• th&uld 'bt.it.ble ie dispel a.-
 4o~et of the ability ef at lMt't a, ~oporlttJn et the FM·• • &Hiallaw 
t. ld.chtr e4-a<)&t1ori, William A. OUrk of fttiDIU Iuti'Wte I. • .,_ 
Tey tt •• caeftl idea~ •o~teeniq the Yllu• et Xecro •t.ea1u.o~~h 
Clark etat .a. que~sttol111Air• to npr•••iat1n wtli • all 
11Gharlt·• $. Johnan, .!AI 
Holt ad eo-,, In 'fork, l98<h P•· • 
!ABLI XI 
1l01$ rJJlO IDVOA!IQ! PAtt* 
tu ~-·1,~, ~~ ·e411rt6t10tl JeA• tM iepe t. •r• ,. • ._ 
· f\8l ~oi iJ11en' • ·• .- ., .• · ·• .,,, .• ... • ... " • • • 
.lr~~ . lfat !t ~- liht m&J'e HOftemlHl JJJd Mf'• 
1mlined t& •tllllr• wealihf .• .• • ~ • • lfl 
· •·• Baa it tmp•ne4 the ural$ ot tht bluk 
.•••• , • •·. jj • • • * • • • ~- • ·• • • .. • • 
lfr,.tf. !lU i' 84e 1ba ltpetlf' Jreliaion lMI ••· 
~0&1 .. Ufll .sr• pro~alT ........ . 
•·•· .Jl.c;u it ~e him a. •r• V&luabl• WPltaan, 
••:p-.U11y·.-n·. taaoqht .ua Jtill. ctre .N-
 .-\:li.t'ed' '* ijf • • ·• •• •• ·• ··f •• • ..... • • • • • 
·o.. De well ~11aet.. sld.llri legtt Yorlaneu tind. 
4t.tttelll ty illl teourbg w<Jrk ia thelt oomw 
nunt1 t.rt . ·• ·• ,. • • .. ' . • • .f: •. .. •• ll • • • .. 
'"'f· X• id.bt.er• ~ oppos1titll to the eeltr" peo• 
ple•'a mqinc luld ill,.,.. ,,~n1t,'f ·• • , 
a. 11 1 t •• a ~le 'bM iporant 'Wht ee.i 'b 
ill'ille.lt ·• .. • ... • •.• t • • •• • • • • •• 
I.,. l)Gq ~~ &l'ft ltaa at tdu•aiton in«llrMt•·• 
~\mig the oolo:red JMMJple t ·• • • • • • • • 
10.~ l1 the moral growth ot the h&ro equal w 
b.1t men tal grnthf ·• , • ~~ • • • • • • • 
u. D$ the rtlat1Qttl be'btrlflt the r&oea poY 
~· ,bfi$11dlZf •• tht Nevo is eduoa Wd. 1 • • 
111 
' 
,,, 16 
., ao 
101 1G 
111 
• 111 
I us 
llf I 
102 lt 
•• 
111 11 
l"wi.l1-!am A.,.. Olark, •),')eel itt;ro .llwa-ticm Pa.rr' i"~l 
llducatioal Sociology, 8tl68. lktv.,;btr, 1iJ3. 
'*toe. Oi 'b.-
 -·_..... 
11 
lt 
lt 
I 
11 
I 
1? 
11 
II 
11 
Thte tu•ati.ormair. otte• n'14noe 'W'ta' 
aa iJe ._ :mG'Al ·Nl4 blte11tttu.al oapacd.'J ot ~· 
aa..lrtt alee hidteaw• t·nat .a.uation ~~ ilhe Jt.pe a_,. •• ,u~·••l'Si"'llllla 
tltilaa,, n1••• hi• 1n•:u.-..tw1.1 lntl• e.w1 ~. .. _.,.. .. 
~-- o•pa~~t:tJ• Me u A Whele, e4ua'tio:t~ 
-. •• -~· ,bft it t• l••• •••11r to ..... ._ ,... 
~laiabi' iaati ttttiq• t•l' -.. 
fat tbwlll tlilliatlGlll f~Jf lfP"O illi -..1 'lh-..1 4e,-lt .a 
•• ot tuw,,.lr ·the ettieiaer at the rwt.l ••beol• 
Jf9V'M a.a4 O:Jt-dld 1io t·t~<Jla th• 1~artl &CJkiw.d &lrMiJ 
e1" .,.~. In lbtt with thi1 tmpro,....•11 -.·t • ._ a ""-...~~.--.,~.llJ. 
•t e4uat1~1 oppcJrtun1ty &'mi:Q& ·tat 'ft:rin• •·•ti•a ot 
fa• J"atioe ot walth tor the sta.1iea and the ~lid.•• 
sta~ emp!Uutite tlut ne:td ff>.r e,u111at1oa lt lll1t.rur 11 to ••~• 
••••h1lJ G'om'baW. Public Gpird.on mu'1 - wouchii - bear b. •r•·-
 t.ti.~ ot a teek1 aoJuu.,1elm~Et·e• whieh will reeult l• 
o.eDlpu11•~7 ~.,..,~el -.~eo• la•• W11'h 'tb.e crUual latule 
ap1rtt of p:rogtets in the mind et the c~itJ, and 
f'Ol' litVUJ :Ul ...u~ adjuaiact .;o the ~•,o.cial et'd~a:n;lR'tlt• 
di,appMl*Uet ot illi 'teN~Y M'Y be p-edieW. 
cHOmv 
JOOIAL AID IOO'IOMIO I!A!tm 
fh• HI·O$Jd,1d..a •t -· ao"!al 1~1~ of 
~1.nntq.l:a iil• Ot'ril 'lar -lld~tl which a'wapW 
~Jooi~l. -~~- • ti:vil. l'ich'tl tf!tr itte ~1paW 
'the Mf!ptioD. tf tk• ltt~tb. ~d•ent ia 18101 J~HMMe~• 
s.o·cial ell!t» 't~~Mth i.a t'blll oantinuing --Y· 
•·•• •• lt¥trtel tu·'bo.~s whieh intl•~rJ.t• 1he au• ::LIIIIl.L 
the le'" la lflA&'I:J-~ u.t lanaa.s • The vi w hal 4101Li11ttw•• 
orime• Fwtli&i•t~ w rat~t prej'Wliee a.t the .ost ,.'I!Wrl,_"'.·""-l!! 
fhe halitb ·ttl ._. lagro hu been & Yflll' potent tae• 
deT$lO~t- !btt'e h$.:1 ).._ lmlOh di&WIIitm. t.M\l't the -· 
eept!bili tr •t lqr••• to o•r~m 41•••" ud the1:r 
mw:aitw w •ttl••~• itt••· have been top~ ht 
lnb.,cwe\ clltftr:tnt.,, but 'the p-etattat 41eHIHpG01 11 tbt 
ing ct1>mli'b1,~a.., Jta6t:r 'tbu. hie b:tttlo,ieal ocmdiii1on, 
n..s r·n•l,.. v•itioa:tim b.1 the quiek r••pon•• 
proved bUl~ :tacd.litiet whctTer .and whtl'wtr 
Ml t1 Tt •tfert• ar• now being -.de w 
espeoiall;y tf edluoa te do.ototl and 11\Uflttl J 
ta•rtuti»;lf .... , '1\1 'rtiJOMibil1 \' 
1~0 :aw""• ~ Jhyl.iot.n.a •t·• \:eklc .,, .... 111• 
pJJlt• ''"i~Yt. hr'lltt• u••lll ,_,,.1,.. 
y,~tpi 1$,la • ~ lauu -~~ W..hil¥1 ta 
tt~·J •M!!!f. Vtt•'\ii!!li ~=*·~~• 
• ~ia. ;• ~ul!e. :ata~~ • ..... u 
tDittWtt•• b •••~i -.18t~» !a ateh .-~&Utd ~~-
 lh• le«t"o h&e M&n e.itle4 ~- 1101-.~ 
..-t 11llilJll Bot:ltlf !. 'Wuhbitmt ltfl8 ·1a ltl'• 
u "*" ital• '~**•*' It la a .--1 aJlA,illft~B:ftlill~A 
•••• &ad. att.--.1 eta.nit·&t!.em:• "••'"• 
IMl" SU"fl••. ltpa1'11melti w tate .-,,. 
of ••· _..._.., it w ~'" tae ~ttl"* ef .._ !IM"'NW~• 
(1\lfbllf ... ., 'dt.ttJa tb,q Uvtf ltl pt''~ u~ft.li!~M 
ttaain ••no-.wat1GD a bfliae, ••~ 
aetua1 kM111ll •·•'f14itlenel wi~ ~U~~t•ti•• •• to ~ 
The werk iultllel th• prt'•~•t• Md diaWi1M11d.• 
hMlt'A•-'fta.ti·•n •t•:ta.l w oa~aa, _._t;,,. .a.a•• 
lJ"•reu·te•is At•oeiatiGt bt .lltt·eV1 aal x.au 
in .:kbl; ·the moTemcmt a auJiJONIJ• 
thtre :blaa b•• a '~ 'b•lltf' 
1111arl•• s • JehJll@ • Jll~ ~~~ 
Hol ili alld Co • 1 MIW Yo:rk, 191 
a.ept1ble to tubtPeuloa1a ~n tbt 
doubt llp&tt thi~S sta:t&eat• a.l,..U&l1 tht 
muoh bJ4he ilf ilt. ltp• ~u• tlaan 
tnt•~1er . t,l)t of •d•~;tion, whioh i 1; •~1ld ,._ 
~·· 1• l~ttle ~er that ~1t hfl.ltl 
••our'&•• --~ ~,., ••.• t€tib:ertultl11, pe~'WI!I:IDi.l 
lll/p~tt.is 1 tJl4 Y4Uiltt· .. 1 £ie .. ll$• lJ:t l!).JO 
~·.-. tub4J'Qul.,$it •• 13$ or 111~1 ,.,.. •• ·llmlld:tt11d ••1_. 
~ in ~a~& ~t dt&th At& ffl\a t•wetJltllJ 1M~ 
U· &\naal· that 'tihe relie:b!Utr ot th• 
ti.-JJlt• It h$t ,_ee:n ata.1M4 'bhttt ••••• ._,.. '!M~t.,.~l:l* dm!!''-• 
11&~~ !h•ir high aerta11t, nu 
&S.cmie di .. :t..ut•• ttsttr"td 'b7 low "~" 
wu• in the e&:e-e ot Ml•s~i. AJ.eo 1e ~ t ~ 
ha,.. tA~uate ht\dl~C tat1lit1•• t"Or ,..,. 
bili ty ttt u'lltre'Ul••1• • 
· •~t di,,:eae has i t• ..,dett laoia.aee ta 
Tho aaa\Ml\J>'t1• is that the lo~fuu•in& ot •• "" 
i.l·••••·• ad the longer •l'P of 11:t• atf•tt 
n te f't11A 'this dis••••• !lut tlMth raw t,_. 
1un:n 1, mo'tr.t•••· !f·~ g.ri•tV 
P• i$.~~ 
•• S46 o~ 119 .1 per hundred thouaan.d 1 hl. Jtan.1a1 
peJ>, h~ed thottaand. The de&;b rate trEJm. Pfit~oni.a •• 
pw hueed. thousand in lllsaouri~ am IS tr 71;0 
»; 
JiepN'1t1s the 4M'th ratt ir.t titaouri was Uf ., 111.0 
lmtil tu le~t&s lt •s 1ss tr 1&Sa~a p~r h~..a 'bbeu...a. 
Ia )?anki'ag tht i!l'bates ot the 'Oitia in Jt•lpMt 
&11 o,eUli.S, !Ustouti had a ~aruc et 1h1rtlefm a.M lataa M4 a 
~t,-tour • !his meant 'bhat :Miaaouri nnlal .,..,.,. 
at lansal!l !t near the lowe eild. ot tho list. !he lara• ._.,.,. 
d•atns ill lissottr1 mar be d-. to the inaee••si'bili 'J et 
It ia only 1n the two largest oitiee~ Iawua.1 Oit, 
tn• Jecro ho·apitals art ~una. ~ hoepi•l• 1n the -··••• -~--!.• 
t:t•• do not haft acoomm.od.a:tiona tor .. ro••• 
'fhe ~•r of I•&" M in inati ttttiona t•r 114!mtal ~'~•"~ .... "'~ Wiiltill 
somnbe:t low, 4ue to the tact that 1•1"•• Ettten 
an'tall7 attl1t'tt4 in the hOme in pretwenoe tD ....... llliilo-""""""' 
1nl ti tu:titn• a:nd also the l•;ro hu •t a\lwaJS hM a plue fer 
gro f.eebleabl(et\, _, states are now witbout iutiwtiou fer --~~~M& 
who •utter t:rom mental dil!leaa••• .AcconU.nc to a nney •• 
0aJ1)tl1.toP4 there •v• 1i81,SOO lepro•us in lfise~il t pe ~-.. 
sand ot the'te were in institutions tor: the fG,eh1.-!Jdl4. Itt ~.eu 
there wre 86,100 lepotul and 17 pct:r b~.t 11Ua~••~ 
inetitutione :tor the tetblemindtd, 'rh•r• ar• an 
'rtlea Oarpmrbtr, "Ft·tblt~ecl 
Ixuati tutiona," fh~ Am•riocm !•1£0, .A:mltalt, 
taout--' .i• ......... , 'lbo eatw im.tte 1anit\l'ti1-. 
!l\11 •J lJ .• 'fMoa\dt ~ tbt (itftr"tmGI 1n tht 'mll"lillir!!lll't~M!li~·• 
~ ;.• ._ •••·• IUld llla:o;-., \1. ll.-&ue lltt-.t .,_,, 
.-•. ¥a;~ ·~·tor iJk,, mtut. b. a,_, • ._,._ 
-~-~ ••. ~'il~.{I1J.l ~~~~~t~• 1a lHO• 'll 
uu.a. .. in \b& ,'fftltlt~4 .ille'td'butlon.. !Ail l.t~ 11111 fHiitlald.ailed 
eli!,,_, u:t ,U.titu'td.oulitc~.d nt perotW ._ ..... •n t-"l.-
 14»4~ 92t11Uta•. AI. in~att.-~ion to't tbe teell1.m4d 11 
,._,_1d.ta U. Jtveka11, •••·•'tlri• 'fhi• 1natiwt1•~ u to 
~·•• .lilt- O._r .iutitutions in Kitto.r1 tor 
.1•• .... b 1\\lt.a, st. Je1eph, and 1011.4a. Ian•• 
--.ttl letee..'W.Tos a" loo~aw in o ••• .,.,, Wint1el4, J.SI:P':E-
 !••ta• QV,.Witltt.-bt&ined httpital:s area 
~~~~a~·'e ,,pw,tt -~t<)ri'Wl• !hi a »spt11al 11 tw ~le 
pat1~••· 
.. ~·stta.! ._, in ~:tetltio.. lprtn.p, m.,..,i, 
maintaintd . ._,. ~• Uni W Stat4luJ Governaenil. 
!t !• j'I•~' 1f•r! 22• .. M.r ,i<'h"l and ,... l~~D! o••s•a Jr~t. 
~~ M~ a'• l:tf:awd in ItDs~s Oi'bf, •••._.1, IIJI1d -.u:ia.bfM\ 
Qtv. 
Some .tt the ltansu 1nst1 tutioat &rtF 
:lt!!t£ B.iokerd:yke ,!om• in !llftWOrim • ~~ 
..-idoa u<l ohild.ren. 
!!A~·•iftia.l seltoo~ !!4. !D~•~t .~· .ra 
She bottltl the heel••• and 4eat1wtt ehilch'trh 
!W ",fi·D!• ~ *'' ~~¥'h !bi1 11 fo? 
the ~tare ie an ~•f!Jle ~u ap•ta1J1ta 
,....,,,, •• t~O.,It'et!l, flU\ •• tf ,51 J'ft't'l ft,r -· 
ft.~•·· 6ft fer le,r.u Wtua,..•t· 'itlt 'llik1W 11atu. 
·••~ ·tt -· . ._. .. _. ¥p•t boa tltif tllt a:ll!~ftml!,.. 
,. 
•••l•wt t,, •• 'W.P.ea' tra tlt'r te ntif'*f:tw;. 
-- •. ,. •·••t:• .·at ..,. ••• ,..iii., ~· 
-·~ 'W!lt•.eatbu:l to lapte·•-.h• • .,... ot Jlilaowi l4d •• 
p-.\Uac .tor·~ Wllllf. •ttt7t to ate· 11'riD& •-'1id., .-. '*'·••1• 
•• thi!lf'"••lis,.e the bolor·-..• •f a htal~ taYt...ail. 
iUtoe •• .aet.l*t,i.~ Gt •• liP"' JI"U'bi.all7 1111 tt' ...... ~­
 'tbat. wl~ ._,,,.. •r~;o·eptim~·, the learo ethae nt. Ml 
a aa.•tuf et 'the 9hi-, ~· J. Weott.r1 w ld.a 'ieek~ l!!t !JW!il !l 
1\l&fl•l MA•M~•· ••"-•' iMt poui1• .,... •t ~· 
nte &1a0nl •••·••. I• ,_,. ._t tile F·•.,.. et laze• .. .-~. 
hpe·••· 'bl'itlg· .. ,,..,l.- ot la• ami at:r&ls t. witt ~·· 
et p·ej~i•• . ..a j.*l&le'llliJ·a.d ~ f!u·1.r• ''ea. •:La••• of 
p1·• ._ uploit1 etten 1eua 'io ta3w'b:toe ~ • len• 
of Jtt•·•....n,ng law a.nd 0rder 11 tltiD•fer't twetol41 •·••::t.a1J'11i;WIIl. 
'M :red:a" the Tiellftee and injuetiot aat!ll 'tM 
----------------~ 
1tlrd~t4 .Btat•• Ct.tu•u. }t•lfr'bl, rtr-.'ih ._.,.,,. 
•Thomas J. Woo.tter 1 'Dl!, Btt•i• !!.. :a.,ial ~l!!!:!t!l• 
Nu York, 19i5. P• liS. 
._. t•tl•t~ t:d •ffW'tt ie rl\t11tt1:1 t!W •naa 
tW• ef •-~~~~. Wl!tft ._. 'tletJ1iea ot hhe,. 
·· ._,.·:I._..Wt -~~-~tt ,,_ toai'ti~ 8t~1Nt• 
ltill7'i411~ ·the 'ffat '*'t Wttt"'l iQa'b 111tlr" ·tfi! ... lll"W 
11W .,~··••t•l·· . _t.-t•:• :,,. ·••,··•* '-"* t.t 1e li'ltlll 
\ 
1 ~~·.., ,., et:ii -l.t ~ 'l.ape~ wt. '*" .., .... a~ ..... 
...... 1 ·~-t 'If ·~-ll'f "~·· tt .• ,,...t ... <\lli.a<t~-~-
 ... t. • · · Jt it titfit'llt to.· 'n;u 4~1Dle a'k • 
paU"&l 'ftiJae, 'PMtMI ··ot p$:11t• 'lltl*f1Mell'tcl 1 tft1r._, 
M..e ®ti·liJBll t_,t taAtlJ IU\tlh· 'bit C1'TI .-..1 !.Bf"'lwaa'tia 
:raow~• ;alao entetr into iJ:ltl.'llDt1~ ilht ac·ae1et ot law ct~~a•• 
., mel't ,. ..... ,1,.. ~- 41H41'Ml1&&• tt .... • 
lbft'· itliat·l·o:a we c:tve~.1U~t:t l'«t**'M tau ---~• 
Jl'!AGeS• 
1fllei~T7 ••••• 11 tee ~.av.a~at ~et ~crt ••tf4;Mll tr • 
l~ota l'a~l *'kafe1DA••••t t.a, lda Map1&t1ea 
blttili'tutictU •~' ·tat whit• ftitfJ t~Men4• M.J ~tioa 
'ie , •• •t.,.l' 'tb;lrt, the ·M~I• e~o .-! 1i"9i.BB 
Hddbie ai.•J Cad ftu!"th, ft•blltd.~--~~+ All .._.. tu...,a 
tng h•hl~4e4neas _,be ltbli.llia.C •r *M\ueat1oa., 
to adj~'b to American litt • and husan• u.4 ••a a.dlllirU~••~"••1.• 
penal i,nai'tmtions. 
$.tit· of 'lle ••t primi 'b1Yt -.ys ot IJWi'·"'•"""~• 
~. !hie out•• is not onlr primltiYe \Nt 12'1tea•ll• 
!tt:k8 V'ftWtl that boa 1.111 w 1110 'ihtre 
~hl«< in ~taa:tutti a4 t:iebt.a la Iaeu. 
,_.  .,.,l, ·~~-~J ,•t ~···a r.au• .tep»:r'- 11U.JIP'W.e:JJ1l'-'~ 
lpehiaat~ , !htt ,.,.·tU~ot a .-• ., -.. ~· 
tid~;__, •. U~ u • .,.,,ill Of!N !!E"-• .ill---- Wh M11111& 
u4'•M1-c to ·tke llW.r ot l~thitltl, ls tk• !tJl!.!!lt !!!l• 
~· t••\te&ih aamlJl ~ S1f&t.a,.--' l&taewl .... ----~•'ltliH 
••• lp:thb;cs wee te.porW aa btkt& tor tke •~'•• et -. .. 
,.,.. file que.tti<~n et np• inveln• t. ru• pr0blu, a1 
~ a'tta«t ~pn a ••bet· ot anoimar r••· 
=. ,.,._.. to c!:ft a :r;d.owe ot 1lft• ~' et 
ter,.~at1Te wttutiena ot :Miatowi an4 ltala.t the wlw 
ti.Vt~ 1&\1N t 1'.bt tabltUI lhW that clViBI the 
1\bt •·..t11lDW 1Mrt1vgeet. !hi1 U,er.a• ta pr"'K:blJ 
•••1111" ea41tions that httrf uia-ted. 4tl"iD; ,.,.. • 
BaiOUrl·hU an bYilttatrial bema tor l.,plo cula 
ale~• a ht• tw bo71 1a !etnville. ,_,..white "r• ..- .ole~ 
.WI· ..UtW ._ the ._. p:r1a•n 6\ld. •·•,..._• ttpru ._.. 
~1• UI:t 8hWI the tt•b• :et i1rli1Whl haTO .._. ..-.tt1at4 ll~~PiDif 
\,,k, !a• .!i.;i• I P• 198. 
8oanl.,.e Ycuatt •n••r ot tpMhil'JII in ~"'"' • .,,• !!!Ill 
.nartro,iea.l ,Ool;eotion~ 1 19 al89. 191·1 ~ 
ldl& Ill 
JIGIOJS ;QWU Tfl) !0 iii.U 'li:t'm~~ ~'~ .. .., .... -...~ ... 
174 11.1 
*14 IQ,,,l l6t 1, •• 
,1,;,~ ~~0 aa .• T aoa 11.1 
lf$l Mil 14 .. .0 111 llt'l 
uraa 48f$ II,.J 170 11 ..•• 
~ ~hltt ••·~ . In l.tll 'tiber• wr• 491, .._ .•• ~ t'W • 
••..• QUTi. s-.te Priatn.:.- ~ lanaas tb•re .... 1f4 8J' 11.1 ,.,. .... 
•. ~..a •. ,. . 
191? 
11.11 
ua.a 
:LtiS 
191'1 
l$2G 
UJUl XIII 
lfJGRO GmJi 
ADXIniD TO .THI GULS' IIDU8DU.L 
!Ir!OI, IISSOUll-* 
tv~&w s-.1!! £91\UI !\!Ill!!' 
1119 
1fJO · 
1t3l 
1912 
11U 
19M 
" 11 
10 
It 
.... 
~-N 
**Amtual R•R!~''t!.!! pisstufi !•~ ,.,.ll!ILJ!!!!\191.• 
--------------------
At•or&i!tg w tllt ,.,_..., ot b ~tun••'4""w•Lel'tt 
1._. • liMHlt et the Ciflt Wt:ff Mwttw beW..en 
$.1#t.en, uti had r•a~e4 <mlr ~. ••v•nt41 
.-·~·~· 1a 1&86, hftii~Hr1., tl$. a•• lwta bM ~••••• 
&Ulf ~· 1tt •• t1rst '' a.teoa ye.u ot high •·lhoel • 
..... .,. ot .•..t~te '*• llaae -.11•• !bil ic p~.rtMlllJ 
ill•· tM~ ... t St.. ~-uia (ti tr) •••ta a4 luktea Ceutfll 3n-.l~Lt 
••lD'w •·Mlml't attt tbet ott••'• 'be te.al. butiWia1. 
~ in the 4•r·talt tf o.ul-.'bl has Me ilhe -•m•a'l'i:1l..on 
r••• With 'the fe.e-pe~taticen eta the part ot t4ul.,, 
-~k· ef the t.e~olt, aNt tt tht petty o~&la•t~ .-
 , . ttl Mit ·tf 'ibl f.71il and. tt.\itC Whlth A't11:~11l'~'t! A.llltlit'il!lll''l!!t ---
 tot' the kip nw ct ••·Q· l~ile 4t11D.t•••r •• el'WtlO· 
'*"C•\f' -.ld.n& l1b lt81Nfa7 ter both pe•'W W1Nrit .._, 
in& 1aw O)d.ldren 'Wiimellt the pvopw lttpeniaiflltJ w·elt& 
of e111perYifl~ed ,.,,.-.ti.tn. S.e wr1tera .W. 1111 ..... 7 et 
:ttaee :.w•~wli••~ 
lr.t lalnau &'rl4 11as~1 it n.t t•\\lld ._._ 1-.l:Ua&, l.Mon~1«l~•sJu. 
autlr> tb-.f't; .Of dtli~v.~J 1li'Wt the thi•t et:t«niM fer ._.. 
adlm1 tt«l to iu ti i=ti<m~ ot oet:reotl&n, 1M t.ll.-.1%1& iJ&ble will 
tb.e D~Of of OOJ$ aami tW to iUlJt I&JI' z.tutrlal 
!AILB XIV 
111101111'111 
OF !HE Botst IMYU8TlU!L SOMOOL• TOPW, naJJ'' 
Tea.r !$tal •• l~&tfht .,, ltp,&q "• c.-. 
lfiG-31 113 
" 
Mt8 
1;ae-as 814 111 ., .. 
lt84•2i 
••• 
1tS •. , 
1922·24 811 
" 
17.1 
1!21•12· lto ao 14.4 
1920~11 188 a a ao.a 
ltle-a,o lit •• ao.; 
1918•11 117 ., .,., 
.. 
1913-l.ft l&S 10 lT.t 
1912•11 116 19 11.1 
1909·10 ~" II 1lS.I 
1908•08' Ut A 
.,,, 
Read table thUI:I tn 19$0.•12 tbet• wwt .118 t--.tea in 
thfJ Boyat :tnduttt'iitl Home, Ot thia ~et M,. t11r u,.a 
per etnt. :were to lore4.. 
~' 
There 11 & poasibility iU.t ih•'•·• t~et, ue •' ut~raw 
beoause often Mtxio:ant ·an4 othtt H.Ota are te='bt4 &I ltpOMt !he 
total numbe.Jf ot bo;ra t•r.ud .. ved in the iuti wtton fro• J\t&t It 11111 
to June ao. 111~ .. -.. s1all. tt thl• nubw, 1,107 w ••·•• p~r ••t 
Illegi tiinaoy hAs bdn r't~t.r<le4 a.a •• tt tn• major so.ial probleaa 
of the l•gro. Slight1y ovw two 4e"&des a.co it •• 111t1MW .,..,.. 
fourth of the Negra bit'ihe in the tlaltd ltl.'-• ,.., ille11 ttate. 
This eetiat. •• 'lu•4 upe~ 'bhe 1'\iatitti•:aa for tbe m.awiot .t Oel't'libie.. 
and h~tur •'De..,...t1-. ,._ e1iheP MltioM ot the .... ._,... In a 
stud.l Nde by 1. F!'Wlb!t Ptaslt~,ll at ~ ~t ta• fa1fte tt ille 
sitinate 'bi~ihl . _.lll lf&f~ '11J1l;tn hat tlMr_,ef. ft't leTtft\1 J'WC!I• la\B-
 $!..1 ra.t.l much ln• u ra.tle ·t\&u tlltt IQ1lta•• ••t••• •' 1lle&114•" 
.births uu:rng 1$1ro •mq in lensll.a U'\tt r-.b• •,one1ant tlll'b& retat 
y~s • At. the time: •t 'th• illl'h!tti.ga.tit.tD. 1lW P&W tor Kltlt'l:ri •• al 
most !00 per ••ueand • Bet'belt' Hllt&tiQtt 11il1 &ill b MnHtiDC 
nil. A table h&a b•en eora.ttrutW w mbn the 1U•giid.ate ttu-. 1n 
la.Rs 
lfale 
, .... ~.. 
)l.s$~1. 
llal.e 
r.-1. 
, •• J:f 
~~~~~ t:tt~tlt!8B !:(1M.·· · 
XlltiiWII AD ws.dt~ 
.,. 
:~u 
H 
1H.1 
., .. 
u•~t 
lM•i 
Uta I 
w .• , 
lt•e --1& 1!h'GIU . ·~ ~·fl *"· ,., 1• lt~Jt 11kt:ii~W 
biJ"ths in X.t&l!ll b 1010 ~" WRe 101. !ht t•tio ot ••• 
illtgitiatt ld.r-. !:a 16ll\IM .:bl Ulll•l lOf.:.l .. -~ 101.1 
in 1110,. io4 la lib lllm'lltt for •• Ml\Cl Jl.•,••l· 
I ) 
The ~o Ghureh 1• tht mly .-.ia11aaid.ttatiea •t tbl ..,._ 
'Whioh ••ttd in Atrita u4 lllt'11:n4 ala"fW1+ J. laqw JrOP"'il• ot 
Ne&ro•·• ia r•aohod bf the tllur•h tho bJ •1 1Qid.1ntld.on. !ht pr·•JW• 
tion ot memlMrGhip a-n; Je,areea 1a ld.Ckw thaD tho p-oportlon illl ~ 
white· raGe, For the p~pGae of g~iJtt & lNlc~nd tor 'th• pieW. 
ot l.ifearo J"ellgia 1n Misaouri w X.eat, a ;a.ble ahoWin& tM nltaiou 
prosre•s ot the legro b't. the Un.1ize4 State:a will b·t &iTO• 
'au, .. nl 
ULli·I*ltTG PINU;I$ .OJ 111181 
11 M '011!8 &!ADS 1!01 1104 !Q 11M* 
SUDda7 $ohf)&11 
hn!a.7 14Jhecl p11:pila 
Va11'lo of oh~eh ~JW\J 
1111 
fl,,$ 
l .. ,~et.,eoo 
41, .. 
t,,ttO,eet 
J,J~ttt: ;; II,,Mt I· 11,000 
lefC'tl . . •• ,. ~-- 'l l$1101 ,too 
ttfHll,._ ,.., tlii,IOO•QQO 
iea.d tabl• thua.t In 1S60 'tht~re lllr't rOO lepo~ d~et 111 +att ·fat".t 
States. In 191'1,. there W'll'' 41 .. 1.000 Jep:o ehwtaea in t»w fad. ted ••••. 
!his 'RS a. gain of ·41,.100 ltll"~ tthVWh·U ·!Jt ·$4 ,...,.., ~· B !lb 
manner fer other i tea .• 
!able !VI ltlnt · tht ~-·•• 'Itt tfllflfltl 1*tt:le u.w _.,. D. 
the!r·hU;l~t 11tt ~~ +A• la.st abviii~ ,_..,,. •• e~b 1.1 
illflutJat:l&l in tt• llvn et 1$lwt 1._.«1 l• ll1l·~ttwl ..a. rc.•• ...._,. 
ot o~aunit,- lite b$0&ut·• ot '\lae·lt.miW ~Jt ot cathw!nc :tlatel tor 
:l$gro,._,s. fl'l;$ cahurch h-a 'bMeae AI Dllit a -~ \r ••-t•r M a, pluo 
Of W'Ot'Ship, 
A tour•• t£ powtr ·•t 'tll• l•tt tlmrtb.·t.• •• ttl'._ vtp llf .... 
relig:1bus nw,.ti•e on the ••ts.•md u•r. •t illle '-ere. lti:Md laNe 
been referred to· at .ht:rl.q 111'~eli&1t1ll !q't9r1a.• !ld.l kyltei'iA •• 
characterised br ai:nlll!JI., mouU1C, euu~. u4 tbl.tbc It *• 
• 
This type of action ia llnlrlctelng if·•-' ••t:•t ot tt--.11oa., ""w 
trained ad.n1aters. utd tht t•v•lA,...t ot ""'' 1,•1f-toatH1,l.l 
In 1926 there wre Ill lapt thvebA:I ot t.ll ~1lou in 
.Kansas With a 'toial Ml'lllber'lhip tf 181,lil, all IIT$r&il ef' 18 ~fr'l .. 
_.h ohureh. h 11s•our1 •-r• Rrt $41 •hvtbM el -.ll '~1d.dll 
with a tt•l mabersh,ip tt 11,2011 U &T'"Ct et liT ...... ,, - Mlh 
ohurah. MitJG~i h&a •r• ~~voae1 thaJt ~~ .-mt alte a WI« ...O•r· 
ehip a.verac•• Tl1.1a ia preklllJ 4q 'tlo '\&~ laqw .~ ot Jtcro.• in 
Missouri, end alao to 'bbe tare• rural p•)Mlatlu th•n• 
The l~inc ohurt:~h$1 -..~ thf l•&'fOtl et Kieaowi d k»aa1 ar• 
the Baptist Church, the Af'rioan iiethe4ilt Ohwu, • 'bhe letbo~u .• -. 
Churoh. Thve ia an coe .. as tt w•• ~ the ..Uwlh1p ef ••ar• 
churches* In th• ob.uroh otn.$ut ot lt16 i:her·• were ealr tl.£l alec tot~~ 
wvery 100 tema.l••• The Baptist,. Afr'iea X.ibe41et1 tlUl 'the lla'bh.tiltt 
Episoopa.l Ohur·ehea haw uopt..t e4u.nt1o»Al pe11.t1t,l• DN· l.t is 11Yen 
tduea.tional ~ainlllg n~t cm.l1 h\. tht 1~1 Jaool 'b:tA.t \\1••• thlW"Ihtl 
giTe support to inftitla'tions,, The Atl-iHll lttho,tJ.ilt ~•b. 11.,. ai4 "* 
'Weaten1 trn.ivtrJitr in Quindaro_., h:nlat~~. 'ltttw~ lapt1at O•ll-ce, ~ 
Ci tr, Missouri, it supporttd bf the la.p'biat Oll.UJ'oh, 1.'hA X.til.od,iat 
Episcopal Church formerly auppQrte4 Gt•·tl• a. Sai.th Colt.a• ia JM&lia, 
Miaaouri, but thlt sohool •• d.t.1!JilreJM bf til-e ~~1 JIUI qo • 
Many aaul ts in e-ul)1' da,e ti:rl.; learned to r•d ill the 8uD4a, Slhool. 
It waa but a. short step fro:m thlt kbd tt lta4&JI lthlol i» a partohilll 
til: by a hired tet\eher. ·'fAt· eoatol1ta1iift trf 'tlhete J6rl·ehlt~t1 a·ehHlt 
ltd to the eata.blishmtnt •t 'the »f·•••' d:esd.atleAl 1entoJ.I ._ 
!he aohool• and oiti1-.1 we ~111111 'bht 'Ml'M of 
u educational inati-'\d.aa ad '" etop«r•id.•tJ nih u _.,._. w 
reach ·a kr'C•t p,.- eent :tt tal e.ltRfl ,_~la1r!a. !he altlplt ae 
tivt tiel Of G'Ol$'te4 a1Ji11:"*''$ Qd the httf'_.,. ill t1blt tlatl 
oalla tor • tre.in1ng tt thf,t;e·mni~~r•s ., it a\MYt •• ·~·· !he 
probl•m is one ot intt'fttiag the ftti.cien.ty .,t th• :sd.n11Wt _.. in the 
pulpit with an tUUJU:rM.~• ot b dt(IJUAte ~ . ., e·t 10~ M'tt iMt tmt.r 
pr~tolsion •. 
Whernw l•croea ue tlat:tftt tne~ w •••• -...lW:t ~ 
a, o&mm.unity1 ~aoe prtju:4i•• 9s•l1J ·df'feltl'l• ~- .__. 1le M a fe.-
 si:re among mEmtbers ct •thw t•••• 11ft at$BIW~l7 • •••'* ·1tl4 le 
gl'~ by spt1C1ttl oriblas&•a,. bt't ~·at.- aclft'l_,~ V rtftfieiJ 
them to eer•in p$.rts ·ot 'the oity 'lhwt theJ ~ •t ~ bl- ,..., 
olcee eontaet 1d.th tn.• e1fhet tat·•• 'fht ltfa'tiOtl tt may ltp"O ~ 
near the plaees of emplo:rment us eatahliahed toler~• in a l&tt.• 4•-
 gree ot ltgl'e n•~&hbothGtda, ani ttton it !1 peattbl~r ,._ tt ·~ 
and improve the proptrtr. 
In sam~ r;t the •1tiea .ot lll•wti D4 ~~ . , 
l.&tion 1t r•lati'V'ely sall tt ta (!1ttinl'i tor the 
d.a. tions furnished by his oc ~raae • Few 11 .... 1 t&riu r•~J~w::zul 
the ~'ev• is pe$'ld. t'be4 'U. •;w pl.._, ~'""""·· to.r 
Some :propPi•tGt!'a aeek, to \ar. 1M Iter• """'""' -., tu1 
drive .. ...,. thel~ 'Whi'ie wue. a.,. tta411l-. ve 
M 
m Jasau••r1. ••a•o•• 1•·••·~4• ~1r ·••wrt1 •••U7 atttal .,,_..-. 
lt*"kl• U.d prntu M,al ;• .. talf"'l.tMa• t•r ••if' ,.. ,_,,,. ._,. 
tQM.i tiona have •l•J• .t•'*' b llt:tevt,, lmt ...., 11 •eclaial to 
Oa.P~'J out aou ot iihe -..·flltl._,. bttt,W• ._._ ._. ie&n&l 
are net pent,t..,. to, • ._._,, &<l-.v •• ._._, ·•••t.luk tt,_.te ,,.,_ . 
;r•unde t&r eolvei ,;ttl• -' llJeys. 
Education. ts • bnJot•t ,..,., Ita, tl.~~ .... w•j·~·'•'• 
·file relationahi:p lletwetn alt. b4 t:t·l•rtA eMl&r• 11 Mtflli:DI •~·• 
Hne.,._i&lt ln ltwaae, ~· *4M •• ._,. GJ:bll._ , ....... 'bht, .-
 soho.ola,. ~ pu-tioipatl ~ .,; •t •• ••...-Mtl'dtMt• ._,. 
•• an1 le&t• •lt11l.e• ia 1k• ,_\:U~<J Mhwll~ ,., -. ,,,.. •• •• wa 
a -.e to• ~t·l'VitW -~tup tht. ••~~'D't48, •I - ·ee•ll·• »- ,._ 
t·oll•ges ther-e «r·t ~ .,,.,,n,t~••· 'lttA •• _,, .,.. ._.,, U.. 
a.re thtrEJ depQ+.aGta t:a W't£.e .tbl· ltct't bat,..., ... ._·,., ,_,, .. ,_...,,_ 
J:*l"'\1 of hit ~lt. fke w:ritw 11 ot 'i\e etiai,• *'~ ~ .,.., -~Ti· 
ti•s that tae •uo pwtitif,••• !n 'fat ~ ut1v1t:l•,• n11 be opeed 
to him .• 
la@tJOuJ-1 bas a p.at prolll• ot ~~· for •• 
In s tt. t&s where there are 'ep«rate aethoola ftr lepMI 
ot'tE~tn handicapped because of iu.dfMlUI.te tcltt~a'iio"al ..L~""'""'.IIt 
IChQo 1 law 8 ta t• tht. t equal t<i:wua:t;!i.G$;&1 MV~a'iqBI ..,., 
a+Atea ili h!s be·ok, ~-,~~ .!! ~~~ .!!1111!. --V~.mii!IIL.t:l !t!AJ~ ,!r.d!IJ 
that Jepo•• r.e•ivt m··1t·tt tf .. , t~ta.a ,,.,_11h!N~t 
than do white ahil~e, ·wt'ih ··tbtlfiatlt·~ cUitw.-. at~~w~at 
•1 be vall~ tlztw tt1n1<ta1 ••h '' w..,..-,1~~a, OHbl&PtlJ 
et the e·ehooll~ec•t~ ,_, t~·\tt.•t• •"'*' ~-.·• ,.,.14\t;. t'Ml._...., 
._ all pur,OMI ttr lfeltt ·ttW~aiAan1 ,.,_ Whwt ., •• , '" e. '*"WiV• 
ll$ also atates that J!t ft 'aJUA.t\wfU fl:f' -.:er.tt Ml.ut•t· Ia• 
·~--· t..,. 'WbliDt eh11,... •• tht· bltr'.a" •t ._,,., ~•al.W..- t.a ,._ t.t&l 
proportion of' Jecroe* ad wld.'bea, and dtlf'tUO tor lepo eld.l.,_ wi'ih a 
mounting l;f&\1o .or I•0$8 in '\me ·f'pulatta. !kiJ '"•••• tad:lMW·e .-. 
pro~\ion et s't&te &14 ldli ~· tt dbllt"'V'd ·w.l1t t1 ~ td\ltaid.cta et 
l•rro childrett tm1tlt 'iifti·e •r• mtrt•M:~&I '- _,..!_.. 't ,_,, 
In one llissouri ~ •••·• ..,_, .1t1A. 11..., 11Mil ll••tlaa&l 
tao!litiea ate gi,._ 'White oh!ldN11• •• I.,N·tl\1~ ·w ..,...1., 
by b~s, tvtenv•eigbrt milo& • a hl&l ••~1:, ;cb.t1 tri:t !A lllttt· ••• a 
day, mld.ng a "t$1!al et tit".eb ld.ltt • a,, t.1t4 wip 11 ~illy 
ate tht'ough uelatMnt .a•~~ fht$ ~ 11 ~· •••v tat, .- ~· 
ia no :legro high soho,el In •• eouv,, !o 11\Y 't1Ae lA&at, til:ll - W 
be a vey &ep~"1• fcOn4lid.u~ 
*'~omie $i&WI 
Cba:ngin& elottc!rl.t eea41t1tm.~ ha~t altMW the 
ths NHro has bean aftee~ aldw !l~ U. .•oll!i~io,u 
have oa.usad ~ Nevo,~s to loat tb$11'* job~ 
still hopt trdl.t the gen..-al ecen~io tfti,ieao:r 
be improved 1n years to etat:. 
Tb.e :potd,'tio.:u tf thtr ltS1ff4l as b•en ~TG4 ia t-atat JII.FI• 
Prior to 1900 tho nall~:t of l't&ftef t'vmbi llafl •• ,..17 aall, b1aii $~• 
tb.EJuld take 1ntt "ntide1e.tl~~ tk• ta•t '\lat 'he ~'IP'• •• ~lpaW 
w,s irJ. no 11&"1 equippe • ••ica•irt p-rtpwtr, ~ bt ta a44114•n w hie 
t,nor.._.e and povwv he.-. hel4 ba<lk by.ny ~or 41••bU.t:t.ca.14 
Table XVII aiv•• a. pi••·• ~ot tl\t sawa1 ee:aud.• etailla tt 1M 1~ 
d\U'tn~& the lut 64 7tat1Lt. 
!ABLE lit! 
iOOIOMIO J?ROOU.SS or IJJGIOIS 
tN THE mliUD BrADS fROM 11~1110* 
IDame$ 01llnM 111000 TI01000 . 'flt,,OOO 
Farms operated IO~tOOO l,~QQ.ooo tM,GGQ 
Bueineaul'ee oend.uoted: 2,100 181000 If 1000 
Wealth Aooumula.ted tao,ooo.ooo ta,soo,90o,ooo ta,J~.o,QOO,OOO 
RM4 -bl6 t:htUU tn 18661 hrt wwe .lJ,OOGli0l1181 .-M ·'iJI.,...a in 
the Unlted States. In ·1930 ~i.trt were 7501000 ~~ ~M by 1-crou 
in the United ltl.ilelt this _, u u lu,_.,, ef fii•OOO hflltt ~ 
by Negroes during a pwiod of e4 1••, l..t in like ~ tor other 
:items in table, 
It :t~ lG.~erally ~ono.O.ed that \he :~~,ro ~· i1 a poor raoe, a:n4 
as 1;. l:"$8"ql't' V{I,JI'J' f~w· O\riA thtir holltlw :tioutiJ!l& for !Jrfolftl 
B 
11 
four qu•ationat (l) N\11tl .. ._.p'tlt~t, filii¥ itMt 
ava.il&biUty of h&uta., et~'b~,·~· an.d ,_.nll1JI (I) 'V'llki!!I•M.•• ot ei'J 
gr01tth aad the lll.'W.la1 «lit\l't'luiAe Ut. •t••• utu ~:t 
11k'll eOGnaie ~--~ (I)· ~tt.J. tt;.41ii-. J<t ._ 1~1NtM tentt.l 
by tn.• lle(;to popllla:tdaJ, ._. (4) hiM ._._.ald1 aat s.• s.t1i.ta'td..u tu 
the etl)ili -\1 •t·. -· ~''0• 
In the led~ 1\i\1._ t:t Jl!ll,tte''4t·ilillf"- Ral,..W b ttW1iab't 
aeetions. fh& imtusv1~ ._.,, tb4J 1\ilwelt 'Wfi:J -* ~_,.a 
wl:um there l.a 1~c1slt;t• J$1®. ltetrittl lU.a "- ..:!Llft ••tl.ou,, ,__.. 
merl;t the.so eMtiou •·•t 1n 'lla~llea.wa:~le ~-t~., lmi in r•••t ,.are 
the l$grf:t h&1 -~ int. hettw t.xd •rt .4.1it:~llt ••·11181, ~- &:15 
hb om:n r'il!tk. ~.,, vt ,,.,.ru tna-.u • ,...._ •~ ~ten _.,.,.,.. 
ownera haTe ua tw·e~Jtd wt et o•11A!& •t~aaMI 1!tp ,..11Wt ft• 
lh'rc•e •t Mts$0\trt and. &~m~u are 'tliMil.i to a.p,..,.la._ itw 
tao"h that lan4--owneraldp :lt a ,._,.tal t~a• b. •• 'tlpl1tt •t •s. rM•• 
In ord•r to. ovm pnp.rty., ~. brt ,.., t.t JW'•~ "tdd.ohl ta ,_.. 
cruieable and buytrt muJt han s~ etlc,_., at ~ble -a•• 
Durlng thfJ p$ri,fbd tt)f li>uliUit Jiqftl,i1• ~k•t ,.e1ttttll....,.. 
usually thoae who were a44d mott r,.oetl7 'tt ~ P'l7 l"Oll, b ....... 
ot Jli~g:roea .:to indul~ hal bee~ PMtat a4 &I a--~..,_, are 
aerieusly af'feot•d u saa workers b)' ~hi• ,.,11•7• the ••' ma'it.4 .,._ 
JD.IIMllrl fm4 
that more anere d1fp1a~••w wtll u; iallt vo~o:•~~~•'* 
Sino• 'bb.e le,to 'ttu.siiiff:t lriae ut _..,.,t~M l'dft1t1et17 w .-
 plOJ a. largt a~ at ltpt _,tGptl iike fi\ltt:etion ef 1. 11-ri111 
1a Yiial• fhe •P" hal·, .. WWiJte,as,fu1 bl a li"fbb tnJ~~~·h. 
any ld~e ot 4i,tt!tul1lfr ht •• ab~ h!.s~·a.Ml1\f, 'M••• \q ~ 
devm sea ot these wr1ws• !U iniStt+••• ,tft h~r• h:lbw•• l\u betl1 
mainly ~1-.1 mre ~~ ••••tG·~ lt•tt6a·•• \IW. 6attPid upe 
buein••• tor lepo p~~- fatbt!l' , .... ~ \wttd.aNa· at t. ,.r•l7 
aconomio von-•• :the liOSt ou'b$tand1lttC ltpe 'bu-1iM11ea 1». Mlalftr1 
and Kusu ••• ••,u.t1• lf\Met'f tiiofttt, _...., :ew•• .. ~-• 
~ oth.,- eatiag p.l&tt•* O-tt ••••(•• In~- a J.ws• .-., .t 
hc.,o•• u• ta\Ult vet ·~. •"-~••• NlllUd _. JWtl,\t:. IJJl 
repair $:hops., RlidJ .~ t&afH~itl'tftf ,._, 
ftl'>l.e rll!I f"t-'• intoftk~~~ ••._itJIIW. tla\ an.,_. .. 
a W by ~?Oft, 
~t.m I:V!IX 
STORF.B OP&Atlm E! JDGRO 
Humber o£ a~ta 
hcp)titt.ra tu1d ~- --·~. 
JmplOJct$8 
Total pay ~ll. 
lt:lft aaletJ 
Amount 
P$:t OG:t t ot iu:tta1 
f·ll 
141 
114 
tlo&,.MO 
144,180 
tl.S07~11Q 
100.00 
ITI 
,. 
tJ1a,K1 
uo,ft'lO 
ta,.too llOf 
100.00 
that of pu'bliJthi:ng,. ThG'e are twr ~ea. a"'papwt in .t.~BRI• 
'Xhe¥ are tht fo.R!~. t~u.ndeal•r, ~t ~opebJ Jl. _!O~At~~ 
at Kansas Ott,; th• ,lh1&tS. S~~ at Wi•h1t&t .- ~· ,O,o1f!l!!~1• Glttbea 
ltansas Cit,J ~.~~ ~-~. Citz~r~t!!~ ln ~ Cii\VJ ·~ !!.• ~11 
UjJUS and '!he ~- Lon• Am~Pii~J in st. Leuia. ~-· flfft~Sp&,.-·1 V* 
published <~:rAt a wetk alld han • wid• f»i~lailion. 
Neg:rc•s lutve be:etn ga.in!l!llJ tmplo,ed .-&Hi~ to th• 11ft.eth 
c«J.sua rep!l':rt, There wet'a 118921556 ftg:f0$·1 b tht UaiW ••• " 
years old and over, and. of this num.'bet 151101,111 """ p.inhlly _. 
ployed i~~ 1930. More th4n oipv pw •·cmt et tA• ••1 pop:~la'Vl• 1.M 
over thirty psr oen.t of the teM1t populati~~A wet• • 
In <Mlseou:ri ·~ ltansas ilhe lar~&eat :10:wabw ot ltp'oM t~Wltr-' wr• 
10 
teaehera. clergymen, ,m'tud.oiu•• and ••••• et ••1•• •••• ~ 
highest in the order in Whioh 'hlf ftft ~. 
There 1a a probable .opportunity tor Btcto la~r to mora•• i'bl 
nlue and detirabill ty b)t' -tme oonsoious 4eTtltpl*11i ot a 111~1~ 
technique 1n speoid. llba. 
!hi'$ b.Tt~Jt1&t.'W.Itl Ml .... U !U aiD. tbjMtiW & MI~P'&1l:lW 
''Wt ,,t •• 94wa110ltal t'tattts of the here tc l!tt«Nr1 
~ plJtpt):lfl ot •• ttud.r w btcl.. 
'1~· 'fo pr•••t th$ .tel~ 1tatua of tht Jtpe m ••••'~ 
ancll ku••• 1a rtcut to t4uot.ti0at. 
a. !o ·sk• .a comparisGn ot tht •umb_. ot eh114pa e:a 
ttOlltct. e<l att.h141ng aoh"l.in tlua t.e ,._..,,, w 
1lu~w the progre1a of' educ:a.tion, an.d the ....... , e,f 
11 W;f'-IY b.. the iwlo atatts. 
it ''!o ~t:aut ~be ,social at•'*• ot ~• ~ 1bMdl& h~ ~e has, Ill\~ .his probl_, ot. k.t trh., w!M ~· ve11&1a, 
'l11Wtatia.1 ftla tioaa, and 'buabumll. 
lfh.• uta .,,, ~ ftu;m ctt:n-ct ltwa ..... ,.. ~tta-.1 ---~-
 epecial· sttt4lea ialiftl with the· I•~•· tel''\i...,t.al 
l~ows attuti-s IOhG»ol•- boGkl pertiah1JC w •• ••· 
A ~~ •1ng1 tt1t the t.,ll~l 
!her• w been a ttelldy :tnor_., u tht lepo peJNlat1• 
W•atem S"'-t.•• lOst ot the r.cro pepulatie et lalu 11"f'eJ 1a 
eastern ball of the ata.te, while ••t ttt ilh.e Jere -··"lfii':J...IUill~.'li.":Jlm 
l!vea in tht ea.swrn and cum;bral paris ot ttL• ••'-• 
ten'tftll ,, .. 1tnt ct the eolertd ptpulati<m liTtUs 1ft 
Xa"nsa1 l nine u.S one-tettb per cumt of the eolfftMl .vi!I"O,.. 
11 vee :tn the lttban 41e _.:tot• ., !M&Uit *If tae 
.. 
Negro IM>pulation living t.a the eitit·l ttlt pr:tl»l~M at M.v.ta1toa 11 .,._ 
oidedly an urba.n one. 
:Missouri hat ••part.:'- sehoolt bJ ''~•~11uttcmal ... ._._. lll.t 
first law pasted that &tuted tllt ltPt t. rig))." ._ .a.ueatla -.. ••; 
de1in in the O,onatit<ttlota o.f 186&. klf,u w aapv·ate athMll a eiid.M 
o:t the first •l•••·t lept M114rc :~ot~ ,tl.•awr ••1• •U.•Ule4 
ter their •• raee, bltlt ;•1 J'tMi!"' thfli't -.tpe.r N-.catloa ia ~ 
insti 'bl"ion•·* !he h..iaher :IICJ:bitfls 11. lutsat tliQr. ld.Ket ·• A•ld.•u.-n.t 
They are two IPftiAl lqz.t IOhOOll 11- ~Mls'&l '1611•:1 1.H &iflll It&t. 
support-. !belt art ·• I~nsas Voeat1onal Sehool in !e~a, ancl 'leaW. 
Univeratv 1n Qtd.ll2Aue. ~- lttt.'\1~ IIAoll '••• -~ etf:tr a eol• 
lq$ o.lrs•·• })ut ttudtn'-~ tiiuQ' Wd•,•• ,'!le •01llR• ef blt,...'td.a 
at 'Weet.rn Ufd.VWiit71n.elw)H 1mt· r•lw eaolu1ict 'Rrit •t •• lft'4t 
ad high aohool. Thllr' la &116 t. jalw •lli•;• ,.,,_.._._. 
Th•r• la ~· ett.'M•$\l]I>PtrW titt•ttoaal. 1Mis!:\M1li.a bl ll•~•..n • 
11neoln Univer.tiV s,, lee-.W !a J•f.fer.- Oi:b7, Bs&owi. !at._. 
riculum p:rov14.- Qnrae,• lelliin& 'h 'tM· Je.oh•l•· &f ArW ad 11.1.-. 
degr•••• 'l"h•r• 11 amtau.a hl • .-.. tioa 'riilh Lino•ln 'lr:ti'fW&i'tf a 
high aGhool department. 
Stt.nN Tea,ehew Ool.lege it ltt.aW 1a Iii• Lo'td.1, ti,llluMtvi., aM ia 
main'tained by the Oit7 et St. Lcnd.,l• It JW.,aPCfl .._..,, ... J*blio 
tohools. 
The numbtr· ot tMldra .-o1114 bl ~~ •aht•l• •t ll;uU 
souri has ino~eaeed dur!BI ,.,., ,._.. • lis •• !\fUM 
•• 
-.;.a_._., the a"e*'a&'• 4&1l,JAttb4u..,• u 'M'th. ttaies,. 'flle 
'Grtl~t ff,'l 1115 '·:b.l 'bhe ~-- 88AGOlt -~ 14.,121 Whi.lo 1n tif.U&OU~i 
'thtrtt, .Ut 44.,1,lll _..11e4, Ia 1810 •*"•V'·•1gbt and eb-~the per 
••t t1 ~· ltp+) eldld~• ,_, X.atl\:1 _,.., in ~tcth$ol, tn llsaO'Uri 1ih.ewe 
,.,... ,..,_i9~1M'o Dd. fi..-~t8'9hl· ptr t~taiJ·. 
J.llf.-~ ~· 1._.., aa dftfJt4 bea 4A :.•,. e-.t. ·1:~: 1110 to· 
11.2 pw ••~ ~usc •. ~ JW~'-1• ot· ll-twu~ £.s k:J&)ler u ·~a.aa-.s 
. ._. l.'t ie 1fi Jl.ta•wi·t :bt IS$0 -· J~t:f'e&"-tf' 11t llli-.MJ ia· Bta,. 
••n •·• ''•'* ,,, u•ilJ -.-t ifut ••• tt• .ilt ~,as :tt ._. s.t per oent.,. 
IJM· ,.,..,_,~• u ~·th e·ttlw• $iw.a an id.a C~>llurw geae~&l. le,~~ M'tl(Ut'ti:g,n 
•. , ....... 
tlj:tsb ·A, .. , ... in "bu illlwney •~t-. ..... l'da a~ial eta.Ws' 
•• ~...... fk• ha11h et tb.• ••a•• la&t' ht• an ~P't~Ult faoier 1• 
Ma ..-111 ~ltt~1Jf. .. JJOat p~~••t 4t•~--••· b :M':1•awri. arul 
~ .. --.I ... ,. ·R'• tu'beretllesta~: cU.••M• .t •• -.~, net•·t1d .. fl, 
at ~U.t fat JH•ia1tlaa is Xeutsat ter Negro.•• auf.ttu•bti '.trem 
Mll'M.l 4J.,••••'. 'We •J'e adftWA- ishu •••,• ~v!chKl a •••c>w1 * ~Jhet'e 
t.n· oqmpwa:ti<f917 .tn Be~et in th• :t.utitu'\Jieaa t•~ •et&1 4'is.u~••• in 
*·••·~i, !ktL• &• -.eouaW« tw ;partlr ,_.ue• :lepo·M aw each oi:iher 
ia ~~ .,.,,, ef ~-'Who ve m•tally ·di•••••4 buft4&4 ot •••bl& th.•m 
irtt iast1ht:Len• • AlP ~ are k•piJ e~nrfli 'lt·•~•u•e -of •••• pr•juaio•:• 
!h.re hu })•a & aet:ttt&t• ia 't$he n'Wib• •t eo:mmi~•w w ••• 
p-..1 lM1dtliil1Ms. rae11c!J•• wbiolt l!laTe le4 w an ~evtJJMaif a ilht~ 
4!W'lm:iaal el&,ll ~· lf.- aohMl1, ohurohea, and so·oial welta.H o,_.ca.n:tz-.. 
ttou. 1'M lw1••t nudHM' of o:f'ten••• Are thoaurr ot itlett,. Ori•t ~Gm• 
m.tted by juveniles were atn17 ~ett, N34 hl:GoJ-ri;1it:u.v. 
There has been a tl'emdou · sa in ltl~Ae in the reli&i<rW~ lit• tt 
the Negro during tb.EJ last -~~tour.J•'~''• .. A lai'IW ~epetti.mt 
the $olor$d ~ople are "at:W \J -th• tllt•wh tball 1Pl7 tihet 
·~ l~i,ng churches ~ the toltl'M pMple of ll.aa~i anA a.rt 
tite Baptist, llii.U •~'!*\•~ ud lttitdilt i,tte•tM-1 ehtatMI• 
In aome of the <titiel ot l1saourl l.l\<1 iullu •re th• ~· pt"p\1-
 lation ia r•lt.tiW17 asll. lt it cliff:lt•11t f•lt •• hpt t. t11\Ul .,.,..., .... 
dations turnisht!Pd b:y his O'G. ttA•~ lt is \iltU~.lly in these 4lit1es 'Wbett 
the p>llaillist amo101t of r&ot P"3Uiot t:e:l.a111. '!lie .....,_\ ef .,..,. •Jtlllt 
for :Nfgro erlu<Je:tS.on i1 at&ll aompated With that spent fer 1ht 111hitl ra.o•a 
as a reaul t the ef,ueat!oal tatili tt•• t.H bl4tflll&te• 
!.lw JlU!IIblh' of l"'oet oe:blg ~· U •11. l!iiNiil'lS of thll Jlocrc 
involve• tour taoil!lr'lt 1'Uit.1 ..,...ti._ rM:ileH 8t eiW P""""• 
physieal ®ndttl.:ma of tb.t • .,._., QORPS.M 117 the ...,. ~u.m. 
and implioa.tioiU!f et h(nlle oa•raldp. 
ln l6.sllftr1 and lani!U iht CllJ1«1't4 pfOple 4e nat~ 'liiiA'1l1 ~ 
ot 'buainets. $'he WP•• in 11htol:uao.tt ._ .... *'" ~ _... ~ 
sto:res, lJa'ldng pt~s, cJ:rug atorea, eo-.1 and 'W!Iocl ~ds, IJI4 ~~~~.Ghlllill 
yards. The protdaiol'ls in which •11'11 et ibt ..... ttit W.18011ri D 
ll'iuUia8 are engaged VIII 1:e&tl'lert0 tlel.'Qiilftl liiiiJileiaU, ad ...... et 
lllUBie • 'f'hll OOCIUp&tiOI.t in 1fbith llllfllt Of 1bll lle&J'HI are tnP&I4 vet 
'boot'blaoka
 1 
tarmera, lt.btttr• 111 tat~• •~• 1n lla!IHt D .,..... 
t.rs in atores and trainl • 
A¢Lde.M,t ,._J ttliH ot Itch ldl10.t1on • ·""-,'" .. _ ..... 
1111, A dlstws.sion on the ad~-.ne1a' .,.ttnr.;:;;;· .,,_.,._1 ••• 
Allea,· ~~~-HP A ......... ·.••l .~4~. : -.t .... <l.ora··.· l.Y .. ·.i··.· .. · .··.•.• _··. ".··: .. \hat ·!iii:fi l'f!atlng ·~~ -g;;., 
.. 
· ··. ·•t .·.~ ~~lie Stke-ol; ot Ho&uri lise ~/tet!erJon m:ey,· Jfiiio~ 
Dake,.~L~ul ~., ,_,, .. illd;" Ad~uiran1, A.NR!AW 
HH.• A. :~tlii.q Q pQ:tii!Gpfiy ·Of t•u. Jat:l.<m~l l:ateeMIJll All:'_. 
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il&.t~~ rrttnk w .... , 
11'\tl'l IP• A I 
s~ h.bliaMnc 
iiMfY ot kD~~Ji• 
................. ~~ !.~1 of' .'•'r·l!, Col)Jie !~~i "thrl.· ' w 
states Bu:Nt.U o !\'idMM>ti<m iMietin1 tOSS, o,8. S -.1 II11M"'Y 
ot sooill.l
 1 
ec0111A11111•• $Ultu.r&l and _.. 'IIU~ of llep'O 
oollege students. 
Uarpenter, Jtiles
 0 
11Feebl....W.ntl.M and li'a.la:jell' 'h&1ft' in MJJ.e X.11lW. 
tiona.• ~ls Alae~~~· 140• ... 1&-71 .• ~ ... · .. ·. tr,ltll··· . .1 
slll"f111ani t'liilt•\l•a'! repll · ot...,... il1 pabli.O ~t1W1d.DIIf . 
tor teeblsinded al!l:d p.upetl • 
H.-.pts titflb oo •. , Jot~- 1588. 
•ri. 
Oaso:n• Claret!Ofl E., "»llulk Stllf.WI in the Willd,
 11 Jl~ ~1 
!36tSJ..-$6
 1 
JUly, lllfi• A l:L~iQXI. ot 'lhe"'1egio ·ll t 
Cle.rlr, WilliliiDl Au ttnoee 'hgro l!lduoatt.on Pa;tt• JOUl'lllll of ...... M ....... · .....,._....,...............-Sooiol~• 7tl6$-169, Jcrmt!Der. Ual• Ai""e.rt!ef>t''"'iih :llf& • iee4 
of' Negro Muoe.tifm, aad \he julltiot of .Ooa'\d.Jig tbll le&l'lh 
Olugllixm!Jt w. G., ·~ Bfp.a ., l)oui111 tM Publie S.holill•" ~== Kercu~l) 28t4~i4h April; UN• D11111UJda& 1he UlfRii'A'\1 
lipent"'tor public e4uo&tioo f!Jl' til& ~~J~U~.ll retur'JIIII .-eiTM• 
Cook
 1 
P. }.., W.t 11Guid& W LitltailurO in._,. ]ld;II.II&'\11Cillf1 ~e •!.eoor!
 1 
114t671-6'7'l• *1• 1.911• A 'bS.llllitef~LtbJ 0 
Cools, G. v., Mlfcnr Tendetu~1•• in Negro ~tion.• ..,so •. ~ 
2St484-4:87. Negro tduoa.t1011. durl.llf.; t\111 proHn: 
' 
DuSe1l'"· w. •~• au.~a.t, ··~~k 1m&ri~·u,," .-ri.-. u 
, · · · BaMIM'\ ....... aaa c. •• Uta. $tli W• X ·.ol'r.o 
~tfitan l.1tt~ 
•'~~.-•••4•··~~··•••.:1~,._ter•' lar.oo\Wt 1.""' and..lrlwe, Jtw !tW'll, 
· 17·1 ·JP• " ,,,,., .teetiol1 of artiul•t &n J•po lite. 
Ui~lJ ~ilit!C • Whi'llt Ollllaft Q:QeailiC~.M•" C!lu'~ 
leitlOff, A'ilpt 301 1.9$5 ·t App:eaUag f'Qr- ... iettil' Jt1 
., ........... ., ... , 
"u .. ". u•, *" *- t . II!JI& 4b o...,- t..w tfi'J' (SII/IIII•" L1'W 
apfil ·••~• .ls:la •. ,Aa, artlitlt euouagiq • , 
JleJH$Ir* 
............... · ••• , "ll.U~•r 1n tb.a umw aw.we~· a.biDifl 
M:tltG-1f• ~Maust 12, ltll•· Sta~it-t1tt ot i.l:U.Gr&•Y 
··-~;., ~~ 1Mir,1• ~u .ilrO'd ~~ 1\!r;l.:llg ,..., Jew '!!Ilk, 1•• .A 
el thl :Kt_.t.~ JP• . 
11~.#: Vf1~11D. · .. fil•.c.·_n., !h• Jeg_· .. t'G_••.• or.po.l~&~ Ets.<Mt'-' SGete!GI1~~ l&.i..er•t1W'i' JRit~.iuir. "tiXi. l • · 
$0. JH'bla in 0G1U1'Abia 1 le.1101Ui• 
F~ti.m .t Gil_..td. Cbl.ri'114.ee ot ltalitl61 CiW, lif1uourl., lleU'Il Ill 
1'8QtWft'J.· 11,4• 11 J)Jt 
ll'oll.a.....,. do 'l'u "JI.tiOetgllUd.o:a ot the ~~· hbool, ll:llll 
lfHOIII•TO. ~r 101 llli!S• IliiOUBiell '9ii p1"11'3iilii• 
liWI,. Ul thiJ pf'tf81·1·iOrll W f.nl\11..,.• 
:rra.a:Lit:r;. ~ ~n, "At! Aa111i• Itt •••••". • u • thd.W stat•," yoo:Lal ronea JO~"• DN••r 
..-iltlttaal 'lla'tll• ot J'egro U'.l.ll yin tW.W 
a Unt~~lll:l.aa. of :tet~eat lk&J'O l,ladl:rl ell~ 1n 
•••••*if•••·~•••• *~ ~&tet &-.WI of I~~PO »ettow.1iM," 
. ·. .a•11 ... n:ill1·ri .. f, "'~• •~ n. uM. A .,... .... , • ' ftc:,••· ' 
.. la .. ~ s£. ~~U. ~·Ott!&). b3<Nre•e1 1911;· i& .. J Cm!LfOll~~· ~~.IWI.PPt tinSd· WWG lriatt-s r!A!dl, ftiiiM-. 
•t lll.ea1~ a:A.-tid)n, ~ -~ ln llau. 
m.ll1: a••n a •• tiJI&ld• the Peopl• u~•,.• 
·" ~~~.,ala~~ •. llftattt_.. •t literu:r .m 
ptt~~•t&ct et li•nq* 
J•lalt .• , ~il~M· ··~· -o•~"·• ••· t~•*• 111U. 
-.rio•• 1•lv.:61llg ••· 
J>. L .• _ ·~A.uwid.a ot the h&t11 blltt m.a,meal 
Jtl'd'f'l' t·VtiiWM• J. M••rie&l tietu.•1• 
Ii~, Olfde L~ {et, ttl.), 'nil. ro in 
S.ttUH,. fiil!atilpW.a, · • 118 PJh •••~•~ aeul~ .- --~ atJHtl •t ~ Meri.eta ••"~ 
Ileln, ~.·· ~·. •· r .;r,. 1 ~~ ot '!'i" Oolle · !!!. Utd:vef"aitiel ltte. Ul'd t.d.~t1u.re&u · u •• dis~eW~~•1ci!B 
le·gnt t4uoatioa ill eellec••• m4 ..... 11 oa ttht BO\il•tn 
IA•y;~ L* lh~· ftielai4~' I:atens.&••• ot tit• 
11. .· .• &4h·. 0~;t.·J.t~1!aii$HI••· -.~e'W~UlL" 
. . .... tne·~ · q tt .· Uw in.'MlUI_, 
.4ftn., 
LGOket Alain Lelay, 'fhe lEAf !•110, A u4 0 
C$nf•r:tl&ln& tlf> ll'l:ifi"Tn ,,..,.._._ 110~· 
.... ••·••·•••*'• "le1r0.1 i». twa lAke fheet,'• Su~z:, 6lhUS. J~, 1933 •. 
A i!:8hlli® et the •••nsie t16tu.1 o:r 'Ire Isgro. .. 
-·•• ·•·•~ ,., • "t:rh& lililemm& of S·egregatian1 " J,o-urna.l Q'f' tf•ilfo Edueatiop., 
4tt40t•ll. Jlll7• 11&.1.-. Ill ttfteota of ~tegrt~t\1Tia. 
J:,eeta,.. l•lt.t.,~ ald Til•.·.'• .r_..., O~'ll~~nd. ~ 9t., ••,llcO\.U'i; 
••rie,an lo·ek Co., 1112. 3!1 PPJ &i 61-..~tory of Bissouri. 
*-rltJJ:f? AJa lr~.M~ ~ . ati~, latterta theats,. W!llia.. Jtwell 
'" Ge1~t·•1 K I· •••:- 1 • ! &Miologioal stu:d,- of the hgro 1• aa..as ~ot.'Y;~~ :l!aaoun. 
Jt•tcm,. lo~rt ~--· d131 a Wa.z Out., Doubleday Doran and Oo., • Gard•n 
a:tt:r1 Nn York., • ala pp.Ail autob.iography of tb.tl •utho~•• life 
.ana a-.. et lda wtrk. 
•·~••••••·•'•• .. t .. Ul.e ~~~c !hinka 1 .Doubl. eday Do~an and Oo.ll Gar4en City, 
New !orntl'l; · · PP• l record ot t~ot• of .tla..~ the lieg;ro thinks 
Gf ,ta. ••14 ... ., 1& 'Whl•h he 1-J aubje(l-.·4, 
~-~~cXI4uoat1o:rb Unite-ct s•ws Offioe of Eduea.tian., Library Dirl&Jion, 
. II'•IU. PP• 1R•,9• Bibliography of reaarG:h ata4i&s in e4ueaid.on, 
Patten on, Flted »., ~fhe Aw of Negro Beho0ls1 1t o.o;M!!ONJ! lAtM0 ... 2., 
ll&roh11 l9Sta. A dieeussio:t'l or what the au'bhor \·· .. ··iiii Ul:• seho,ola 
lllwlcl 'be delDg-., 
.l?$eha'tem, t.., A,., •J?ro'blul ot lfeg~o Eiucation inNorlhern and :Border 
titi•••" litmeni?arJ: soa.e~ ~~~~ I01l9a.,e. ~~.1", l919jl ~·bl.-.. a an:, •• ln -~·rn and b¢titdel' oi'tlles l$%!10-~ &dtte~~ 
-0!~ 
h1s;eJr-.. G:L•4r- T. • "Th• Pr•,•··•nt Ste.tus ef tba liegl'o S•pa.re:he Seb.ool aa 
Daft~ .. 0.,· tty Ow_ , rt lleo1aionrs1," JovllAl of W•~re Bau-.tion_, 4i861474. 
A n.e.-d. e~ •so ,e·rt&ining !Eo ou·.,.-;rt$ . In liei lHiite Supreme 
Ow:rw. 
it•«ntb&l., s. P .• , •Ra.e:Utl Ditferenoea 1n the Hmltal llil&&&~••,,,u· ,ltm~l 
1 IJl4 Soeial Ps eholo: 1 JIJtiOl-lS. Getoher-IH,a;.,., 
... ~,~~~ .. ,- • . · '0 c •a llllGC~iatioA1 M_.~. A dilt~•a1on 
ot tht vhd.-M aa4 eell~t4 :rae• in relatiGn w aen:bal d.i••·""'• 
Savage, w. She,na:a,, "Legal P~ovitioM to't :NegrG Schools 1• Hisaouri from 
lili-901,• Jtu:rn&h o.t ,!~it'O ~~~rl.f 11~:809-ll~ J\tl1.t ll!l.t A hil• ~,. f)f Muoat! on. l"'lia :ail S::vt 'been paaetfl :l.l1 '\a. a ••• t:rom 
1866 to 1890. 
IIlli.~- · ao#l"-1 .•!at lttJft. 1--iGl.,~·. :·. 
l.._lfWJ.f ltl$,. A ctlar••)•lttra at tht 
on11h-· ,_,~ 
~1 •• ; 
' ·aa,d. •t.tt•t141• 
s·~•t ._ .•. ,, •a..t:SLi • .._ •• _, ctt • .._uq •••,.·~· ~•t.apo~rz ~\ 'U4.tJJ11··•• J~'tJ;&t, ltll• OmJooeming ~ ~i~tiou 
e·.· .·• ut tflttw p<Jple 1• th.e tlniw& ••••·t· 
IM~. O.t~n ~· ~-i~~ a-.'llu5, ~tf ~:li;«.>, .:l,ll. laMe.•, 
_.,_., •. t:lte•t•• aa ••• ~G !eaohWa 5el!ige o. . ···$m, liipor!a, 
lau~JI~ Ul6. A 'bn•t aeo~'b et le1ro ettuoa.tioml a*""l0pll•at 
ad adwno~ ialaata•• 
S»d:tm, Gee·~ JA,J.~d, ~wftit :I~Es!.! 'J{aaaaa. *. sw1r.te -thesis• t!ni• 
w••1• t.t Wl•h! ti• · . · · . a, .·.· · · e..t,1 1181. 1ilgra.t1Gn at the Negro 
ito· -..-.., a porW.on de•ls w.tth Negro edta•a-ti on. 
mi ~m~etl S~¥Ql it.~ U·H···· ·.' (tba.· .. ·· .. ·•. p.tt i'r1 P• 141 Midland. 
__ .,, 3efleBQn ·. ··· t lKtB·Otit:rl. 
$1a ... Jt. M~ttwn. QtfiliAl lft.al$.1,.1131•31. :PP• 411•tl4. BG'bl Print. 
l:a1 113 1\i'liione:ry tJ<h, ;lerl'e:Pson Ottr, liaa~i •. 
$~ .. , P.. G•t •»a'ri.rQ$UJ:ata1 htto~a lfhith .. Prohibit QJ'tt&ti w Seholar• 
lblJ A:caong lftgroea t,.. 8oh6Gl. •* B~'-':!l• 21 t294.4114UJ6. · fhtytlllber 51 
191'\· 
~~-- Ca~1n a., •lb«J Muoa1Jion ot .._ lecro !n th9 l1ni 'bed 81;ai;Jea t" 
$~fi:H1 , .s • ..,·l!!l• 411111-H •. Jr~r 9, 11165.-.. Mvanea.nt ot 
ln eliiCiition. 
Viele~, Jlugene Ko~ow. ! lf11JW!l;!! llitaourl, Dt. C. Hn.th land Oo., JQJ~-b-.1 11:~1. 461 PP•· X Jiliiiiq at' i&iie et&w or lltse•d up ~o 
llli-
 Weo;i#hertord •. Willis Mol* ~d~t fareell i:n.'f~er:£,0: Pr'c>fS~&JUJI Asaoeiated 
h9ta1 lw YGJ'k, 1111, lit PP•· I ir!i &eoount ~of fieg~o ~d-.rae-te~, 
pn;lb., aad •dW~a'hion. 
weail, .. ·G·G.·ll'ften L. o.~.l".··ain. •., ~· .~••bli~~st •• .~r~ !f. .. If&, iC?hools !!.. 
tlw . of V&.~•¥-~f~,... ,_. ·· ,--.;st;;~:ria ~- 1.t ·~w:rariy ot 
lroli!ta. liimas,. , MoO'fatt ot '\'bo fute~l atteet-
 t:nc ~~ ••tablis~ ot aeparaii• el-.nt&r;y sohOGla to:rr lie.sra.e in 
Wlohi'ba. 
w~~. fl\oras J •. ,. ~ Ja.•t• of 11141al M.i14•--1 GUn I:Jd oo •. , New Yolk~, li'IIS, "'' ,, ~rs.Mriana '-• ~!Re~~:t P..••·• ot leg:ro life. 
Welfk,t a-we ]1 .... ,. ~ ...... 
,.,., ...... . 
y~, l:~r a .• , •t,.1nl~ t~t ltcro !•h•~a,• 
· ·P$tl~, .. 1ttl .. i* ·A tU&\Idl.:tm .t)f b. 1t · 
Y~'t, ~~~M, .. 'Irtl'i"~ d Lpt~ b k&la11" 
. 18:rtlM.t· A .... o~rwlt ot t11l ~r at 1,_. 
a···:M,, ,, ••••